Day: May 15, 2019
Ahadith related to Hazrat Owais Al Qarni raziAllahuann
Riyad-us-Saliheen Book of MiscellanyChapter 45Visiting the Pious Persons, loving them and adoption of their company
372. Usair bin `Amr (Ibn Jabir) reported: When delegations from Yemen came to the help of (the Muslim army at the time of Jihad) `Umar would ask them
“Is there Owais bin `Amir amongst you?” (He continued searching him) until he met Owais .
He said, “Are you Owais bin `Amir?” He said, “Yes”. `Umar asked, “Are you from the Qaran branch of the tribe of Murad?” He said, “Yes”. He `Umar again said, “Did you suffer from leucoderma and then you were cured from it but for the space of a dirham?” He said, “Yes”. He `Umar said, “Is your mother still alive?” He said, “Yes”.
He `Umar said, “I heard Messenger of Allah saying, `There would come to you Owais bin `Amir with the reinforcement from the people of Yemen. He would be from Qaran (the branch) of Murad. He had been suffering from leucoderma from which he was cured but for a spot of a dirham. He has a mother to whom he is very dutiful. If he were to take an oath in the Name of Allah , Allah would fulfill his oath. And if it is possible for you, ask him to ask forgiveness for you.’ So, ask forgiveness for me”.
He Owais did so. `Umar then said, “Where do you intend to go?” He said, “To Kufah.” He `Umar said, “Let me write a letter for you to its governor,” whereupon he Owais said, “I love to live amongst the poor people”.
The following year, a person from among the elite (of Kufah) performed Hajj and he met `Umar . `Umar asked him about Owais . He said, “I left him in a state with meagre means of sustenance in a decayed house.” (Thereupon) `Umar said, “I heard Messenger of Allah saying, `There would come to you Owais bin `Amir of Qaran, a branch (of the tribe) of Murad, along with the reinforcement of the people of Yemen. He had been suffering from leucoderma which would have been cured but for the space of a dirham. He has a mother to whom he is very dutiful. Were he to swear, trusting Allah , for something, Allah would fulfill his oath. If you can ask him to pray for forgiveness for you, do so”.
This man went to Owais and asked him to pray for forgiveness for him. Owais said to him, “You have just returned from a blessed journey, it is you who should pray for forgiveness for me; and did you meet `Umar?” The man said, “Yes”. `Owais then prayed for forgiveness for him. People became aware of the high status of Owais and he set out following his course.
(Muslim :: Book 31 : Hadith 6172)
Another narration is: A delegation from Kufah came to `Umar . Among them was one who used to make fun of Owais . `Umar enquired, “Is there anyone among you who is from Qaran?” So this man stepped forward. Then `Umar said, “I heard Messenger of Allah saying, `A man will come to you from Yemen named Owais. He will have left in the Yemen only his mother. He was suffering from leucoderma and prayed to Allah to be cured of it. So he was cured except for a space of the size of a dinar or a dirham. Whoever of you should meet him should ask him to pray for forgiveness for him.”’
Another narration is: `Umar said: “I heard Messenger of Allah saying, `The best one of the next generation (At-Tabi`un) is a man called Owais, he will have a mother and he will be suffering from leucoderma. Go to him and ask him to pray for forgiveness for you”.
[Muslim].
Commentary:
1. This Hadith is one of the clear miracles of the Prophet because he not only told the name of Owais but also some of his special qualities and characteristics which tallied with the description given by him.
2. It tells the virtues of simplicity, and anonymity.
3. The merit of nice treatment to mother.
4. This Hadith is also a proof on Owais being the best of the successors to the Prophet’s Companions (i.e., At-Tabi`un).
5. The humbleness of `Umar and his desire for goodness despite being in the position of the Leader of the Believers.
Umar b. Khattab reported: I heard Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Worthy amongst the successors would be a person who would be called Uwais. He would have his mother (living with him) and he would have (a small) sign of leprosy. Ask him to beg pardon for you (from Allah) .[Sahih Muslim :: Book 31 : Hadith 6171 ]
और_इस_तरह_#ख़िलाफ़त_उस्मानियाँ_खत्म_हुई,…तो…पढ़िए #इस्लामी शान की दास्ताँ
इस्लामी शान की दास्ताँ
फ्रांस में एक स्टेज शो के दौरान नबी का मज़ाक उड़ाया, इसकी खबर तुर्की पहुंची तो…पढ़िए इस्लामी शान की दास्ताँ
खिलाफत उस्मानिया के 34वें खलीफा अब्दुल हमीद सानी थे। उन्होंने 31 अगस्त 1876 से 27 अप्रैल 1909 तक खिलाफत उस्मानिया की बागडोर संभाली। 21 सितंबर 1842 को तुर्की के शहर इस्तांबुल में पैदा हुए। आपने 75 वर्ष की उम्र में 10 फरवरी 1918 को वफात पाई। आप एक आला तालीम याफ्ता पाए के शायर भी थे। उस्मानी खलीफा अब्दुल हमीद सानी का नाम तारीख ए इस्लाम में निहायत ही सुनहरे हरूफ़ में लिखा है। खलीफा अब्दुल हमीद सानी खिलाफत उस्मानिया के उन खलीफाओं में शुमार किए जाते हैं जो आलम है इस्लाम में अपने किरदार और हुजूर सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम के मोहब्बत की वजह से अपना अलग मुकाम रखते हैं। आप वसी रक़्बे पर फैली हुई सल्तनत उस्मानिया के हुक्मरान रहे। खिलाफत उस्मानिया की सरहदें यूरोप से मिलती थी। और सियासी कशमकश और जंगी महाज़ों का भी सिलसिला जारी रहा।
खलीफा अब्दुल हमीद सानी एक दिन अपने वजीरों और हुकूमत के ओहदेदारों के दरमियान में मौजूद थे। कि अचानक एक हुकूमती ओहदे दार ने आपको आकर एक ऐसी खबर सुनाई कि आपका रंग गुस्से से सुख हो गया। और निहायत जलाल में आकर खड़े हो गए। हुकूमती ओहदे दार के हाथों में फ्रांस का अखबार मौजूद था। जिसमें एक खबर छपी थी कि फ्रांस के एक थिएटर में हुजूर सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम की शान में गुस्ताखी का ड्रामा पेश किया जाएगा। और इस सिलसिले में अखबारों में खबरें छपवाई गई थी। अखबार के टुकड़े को लेकर खलीफा अब्दुल हमीद सानी को बताया गया कि यह शख्स ने एक ड्रामा लिखा है।
जिसे थिएटर में पेश किया जाएगा उस ड्रामे में हुजूर सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम का किरदार भी है। और वह किरदार थिएटर में एक आदमी अदा करेगा।
The Tomb of Sultan Abdulhamid II located at Divanyolu Caddesi in Istanbul. Sultan Abdülhamid II was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned between 1876 and 1909
खलीफा ने हुकूमती ओहदेदार से फ्रांस के अखबार का पेज लेकर ऊंची आवाज में पढ़ना शुरु कर दिया। निहायत जलाल और गुस्से की हालत में सुल्तान का जिस्म कांप रहा था। जबकि आपका चेहरा लाल हो चुका था। आप वहां मौजूद हुकूमत के ओहदेदारों को मुखातिब करके अखबार में इश्तिहार से मुताल्लिक बता रहे थे कि फ्रांस के इस अखबार में इश्तिहार छपा है कि एक शख्स ने एक ड्रामा लिखा है उसमें हुजूर सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम का किरदार भी बनाया है यह ड्रामा आज रात पेरिस के थिएटर में चलेगा। उस ड्रामे में हमारे नबी करीम सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम की शान में गुस्ताखियां है वह फख्र ए कौनैन सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम की शान में गुस्ताखियां करेंगे।
अगर वह मेरे बारे में बकवास करते तो मुझे कोई गम नहीं होता। लेकिन अगर वह मेरे दीन और मेरे रसूल की शान में गुस्ताखी करें तो मैं जीते जी मर जाऊं। मैं तलवार उठा लूंगा। यहां तक कि अपनी जान उन पर फ़िदा कर दूंगा। चाहे मेरी गर्दन कट जाए या मेरे जिस्म के टुकड़े टुकड़े हो जाएं। ताकि कल बरोज कयामत रसूलल्लाह सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम के सामने शर्मिंदगी ना हो। मैं उन्हें बर्बाद कर दूंगा। यह बर्बाद हो जाएंगे राख हो जाएंगे। यह आग और तबाही हर जलील इंसान दुश्मन के लिए निशाने इबरत होगी। हम जंग करेंगे। उनकी तरह बेगैरत नहीं हो सकते। और यह भी मुमकिन नहीं कि हम अपने दिफ़ा से पीछे हट जाएं।
हम उनसे जंग करेंगे। खलीफा निहायत जलाल में बाआवाज बुलंद गुस्ताख ए रसूल के खिलाफ जंग का ऐलान कर रहे थे। इसी बीच में सुल्तान ने फ्रांसीसी सफीर को तलब करने के अहकामात जारी कर दिए। कुछ ही देर में खलीफा दरबार में रिवायती लिबास फाखराना जो शायद फ्रांसीसी सफीर पर हैबत डालने के लिए जेबतन किया था। निहायत जलाल और बेचैनी की हालत में बजाए बैठने के उसके सामने खड़े थे। और फ्रांसीसी सफ़ीर उनके सामने हाजिर था।
सुल्तान की हालत से उसे अंदाजा हो रहा था कि उसे बिलावजह तलब नहीं किया गया है। उसके माथे पर पसीना आ चुका था। जबकि जिस्म पर कपकपी तारी थी। और टांगे सुल्तान के खौफ से कांप रही थी। सुल्तान ने फ्रांसीसी सफ़ीर को मुखातिब किया। सफ़ीर साहब हम मुसलमान हैं, अपने रसूल सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम से बहुत ज्यादा मोहब्बत करते हैं। इसी वजह से उनसे मोहब्बत करने वाले पर अपनी जान को कुर्बान करते हैं। और मुझे भी कोई तरद्दुद नहीं कि मैं भी हुजूर सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम पर जान कुर्बान करता हूं।
Map of Ottoman Empire in 1914
हमने सुना है कि आपने एक थिएटर ड्रामा बनाया है। जो नबी ए करीम सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम की तौहीन पर मुसतमिल है। यह कहकर खलीफा ने फ्रांसीसी सफ़ीर की तरफ कदम बढ़ाया बढ़ाना शुरू किया। खलीफा कहते जा रहे थे मैं बादशाह हूं मलकान का, इराक का ,शाम का, लेबनान का, हज्जाज का, काफकाज़ का, एजेंसी का और दारुलहुकूमत का मैं खलीफतुल इस्लाम अब्दुल हमीद खान हूं।
यहां तक कि खलीफा फ्रांसीसी सफ़ीर के करीब पहुंच गए। और फासला निहायत कम हो गया। फ्रांसीसी सफीर के जिस्म पर लरजा तारी था। वह खलीफा के जलाल के सामने बहुत मुश्किल से खड़ा था। खलीफा ने फ्रांसीसी सफ़ीर की आंखों में आंखें डालकर निहायत शफाकाना लहजे में उससे कहा कि अगर तुमने इस ड्रामे को ना रोका तो मैं तुम्हारी दुनिया तबाह कर दूंगा। यह कहकर खलीफा अब्दुल हमीद सानी ने ड्रामे के इश्तिहार वाला अखबार फ्रांसीसी सफीर को दिया। और निहायत तेजी से दरबार से निकल गए।
फ्रांसीसी सफीर ने उस अखबार को उठाया, फौरी तौर पर डगमगाता हुआ दरबार से खलीफा के जाने के बाद दीवारों और फर्नीचर का सहारा लेते हुए बाहर निकला। और सीधा सफारतखाने पहुंचा और एक निहायत तेज़रफ्तार पैगाम अपनी हुकूमत को भेज दिया। कहा अगर यूरोप को अपनी आंखों से जलता हुआ नहीं देखना चाहते और फ्रांस की फसीलो पर इस्लामी परचम नहीं देखना चाहते, तो फौरी तौर पर गुस्ताखाना ड्रामे को रोक दो।
उस्मानी लश्कर हुक्म के इंतेजार में खड़े हैं उनके जहाज बंदरगाह पर हुक्म के इंतजार में हैं। और पैदल फौज और तोपखाने छावनियों से निकल चुका है। खलीफा अब्दुल हमीद सानी फ्रांसीसी सफ़ीर को दरबार में तलब करने और जंग का ऐलान करने के बाद चुप नहीं रहे। उन्होंने फौरी तौर पर अपने मुशीर खास को अपने दफ्तर में तलब कर लिया। और उसे फौरी तौर पर पूरी खिलाफत में एक सर्कूलर जारी करने का हुक्म दिया। यह सर्कुलर खलीफा ने खुद अपनी ज़बानी लिखवाया जो कुछ ऐसा था। फ्रांसीसियों की इस्लाम के खिलाफ कार्रवाइयां हद से आगे बढ़ चुकी है। हम फिर भी पास अदब रखे हुए हैं। लेकिन अब हमारे सब्र का पैमाना लबरेज़ हो चुका है। अब हम खिलाफत का परचम बुलंद करने जा रहे हैं। और फ्रांसीसीयों से एक फैसला कुंन जंग करने जा रहे हैं।
यह हुक्म है खलीफतूल अर्द जलालतूल मलिक अब्दुल हमीद खान का, अब हम उनसे उनकी जबान में बात करेंगे। मुशीर खुसूसी खलीफा अब्दुल हमीद के लहजे में तलवार की काट साफ महसूस कर रहा था। उसकी रीड की हड्डी में एक सनसनी की लहर दौड़ गई। खलीफा अब्दुल हमीद की फ्रांसीसी सफीर की दरबार में तलबी और जंग हुक्मनामा के साथ फौजों को तैयार रहने के अहकाम ने ही इस्लाम दुश्मनों पर खौफ तारी कर दिया। पूरी दुनिया मुंतज़िर थी कि अब क्या होगा? यूरोप कांप उठा फ्रांस ने घुटने टेक दिए।
खलीफा अपने खास कमरे में मौजूद थे। जहां वह हुकूमत के कामकाज से मुतल्लिक और फैसले लिया करते थे। अचानक एक हुकूमत का ओहदेदार हंसता हुआ कमरे में बगैर इजाजत ही दाखिल हुआ। और बोला जनाब एक खुशखबरी है। खलीफा वह क्या है ? हुजूर फ्रांसीसियों ने उस ड्रामे को ही नहीं रोका बल्कि उस थेयटर को हमेशा के लिए बंद कर दिया है। जिसने नबी ए करीम सल्लल्लाहो अलेही वसल्लम की शान में गुस्ताखी का इरादा किया था।
Upgrading the Army
खलीफा अब्दुल हमीद हुकूमत के ओहदेदार की बात करने के दौरान ही नमनाक हो चुके थे। आप की जबान से फर्त जज्बात से सिर्फ अलहमदुलिल्ला ही निकल सका।
हुकूमती ओहदेदार ने खलीफा को बताया कि पूरे आलम ए इस्लाम से उनके लिए शुक्रिया के पैगाम आ रहे हैं।
इंग्लिशतान लीवर पोल के एक इस्लामी तंजीम ने उस ड्रामे के रोके जाने की खबर दी है। गैर मुस्लिम भी सड़कों पर निकल आए कि हम मुसलमानों के रसूल की गुस्ताखी बर्दाश्त नहीं कर सकते। वह आपके लिए सेहत व आफ़ियत की दुआएं कर रहे हैं। मिस्र व अल ज्ज़ायरा में लोग खुशी के मारे सड़कों पर निकल आए हैं। मेरे सरदार अल्लाह आप से राजी हो। यह कहकर हुकूमती ओहदेदार खामोश हुआ। और मोअद्दब हो गया।
खलीफा अब्दुल हमीद की गर्दन अल्लाह की बारगाह में सजदा ब सजूद हो चुकी थी। आंखों से आंसू जारी। कुछ देर बाद सुल्तान ने हिम्मत इकठ्ठा की और गर्दन उठाई और उस हुकूमती ओहदेदार से मुखातिब हुए। ऐ! पाशा मुझे इज्जत सिर्फ इसलिए मिली है कि मैं उसी दीन का अदना सा खादिम हूं मुझे किसी बड़े लक़ब की जरूरत नहीं। यह कहकर सुल्तान ने हाथ पीछे को बांध लिए और महल के दौरे पर निकल खड़े हुए।
वह वक्त था जब खिलाफत उस्मानिया की हैबत और जलालत से यूरोप और कुफ्फार के मरकज हिल जाया करते थे।
#WeLoveMuhammad ﷺ
This mosque is located at Istanbul. The name is #Süleymaniye. He was a king of the Ottoman Empire in 15th century. it is very awesome and beautiful mosque.
और_इस_तरह_ख़िलाफ़त_उस्मानियाँ_खत्म_हुई
इस पसमंजर में मुसलमानों के लिए यह जानना दिलचस्पी से खाली नहीं होगा कि आखिर वह कौन सी आलमी और खास तौर पर सहूनी साजिशें थी जिस के नतीजे में आलमे इस्लाम को तुर्की में खिलाफत उस्मानिया से महरूम होना पड़ा हालात पर नजर डालें तो पता चलेगा कि आज से बहुत सालों पहले मगरीबी तक ताकतों ने 15 मई 1948 को फलस्तीनी अवाम के सीने में इस्राइल नाम का एक खंजर घोंपा था जिसकी कसक अभी तक महसूस की जा रही है उस से 1 दिन पहले इंग्लैंड ने उस इलाके से अपनी हुकूमत के खात्मे का ऐलान कर दिया था जिस पर उसने पहली आलमी जंग में तुर्की को शिकस्त देकर कब्जा कर लिया था जरूरी है कि उन हालातों पर नजर डाली जाए जिनके जरिया इसराइल के कयाम से 30 साल पहले खिलाफत उस्मानिया के खिलाफ साजिशों का जाल बनाया गया था
पहली आलमी जंग का सिलसिला 1914 में शुरू हुआ था जो 1918 में तुर्की और जर्मनी की शिकस्त पर खत्म हुआ उस जंग में एक तरफ ब्रतानियाँ और उसके इत्तेहादी थे तो दूसरी तरफ जर्मनी और तुर्की के आखिरी खलीफा सुल्तान अब्दुल हमीद की फौज खड़ी थी जंग के खात्मे के बाद तुर्की में इस्लाम पसंद ताकतों का ज़वाल होता गया और मुस्तफा कमाल पाशा की कयादत में दहरियों का असर व रसूख बढ़ता गया
उसका नतीजा खिलाफत उस्मानिया के खात्मे की शक्ल में निकला
नाकदीन की नजर में अल्लाह के रसूल सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम की रेहलत के बाद तारीख ए इस्लाम का बदतरीन और दर्दनाक वक्त शायद 1924 में खिलाफत उस्मानिया के ख़ात्मे की सूरत में पैदा हुआ क्योंकि तुर्की में खिलाफत जैसी भी थी उसके खात्मे के बाद मिल्लत इस्लामिया की रही सही ताकत को खत्म करके रख दिया।
यही वजह थी कि हिंदुस्तान के मुसलमान खिलाफत उस्मानिया के खात्मे पर तड़प उठे थे और मोहम्मद अली जौहर और शौकत अली ने तहरीक खिलाफत शुरू की उसका असर कितना बड़ा अंदाजा लगाया जा सकता है कि जब हिंदुस्तान के गली कूचों में यह शेर पढ़ा जाता था :-
बोली अम्मा मोहम्मद अली की
जान बेटा खिलाफत पर दे दो
कहा जाता है कि सुल्तान अब्दुल हमीद के दौरे हुकूमत में यहूदियों के एक ग्रुप ने खलीफा से मुलाकात की यह उन्नीसवीं सदी के आखिर की बात है उस जमाने में खिलाफत उस्मानिया बेहद कमजोर हो चुकी थी तुर्की की माली हालत बहुत खराब थी हुकूमत भी बहुत अधिक कर्ज में डूबी थी उस ग्रुप में खलीफा से कहा था कि अगर आप बैतूल मुक़द्दस और फ़लस्तीन हमें दे दें तो हम खिलाफत उस्मानिया का सारा कर्जा उतार देंगे और कई टन सोना भी देंगे इस गए गुजरे खलीफा अब्दुल हमीद की हिम्मत देखिए उस ने जवाब दिया जिसे तारीख कभी फरामोश नहीं कर सकती खलीफा ने अपने पांव की उंगली से जमीन की तरफ इशारा करते हुए कहा अगर अपनी सारी दौलत दे कर तुम लोग बैतूल मुकद्दस की जरा सी मिट्टी भी मांगोगे तो हम नहीं देंगे।
उस ग्रुप का लीडर एक तुर्की यहूदी क़रह सूह आफनदी था बस फिर क्या था खिलाफत उस्मानिया के खिलाफ साजिश का सिलसिला शुरू हो गया जिसके चंद सालों बाद जो आदमी मुस्तफ़ा कमाल पाशा की तरफ से ख़िलाफ़त उस्मानियाँ के खात्मे का परवाना लेकर ख़लीफ़ा अब्दुल हमीद के पास गया था वह कोई और नही बल्कि यही तुर्क यहूदी करह सूह आफ नदी ही था।
• Mameluke Empire: 1250-1517, 267.
• Ottoman Empire: 1320-1570, 250 years.
• Spain 1500-1750: 250 years.
• Romanov Russia: 1682-1916, 234 years.
• Britain: 1700-1950, 250 years.
ख़ुद मुस्तफ़ा कमाल पाशा भी यहूदी नस्ल ही था उसकी माँ यहूदी थी और बाप तुर्क कबाइली मुसलमान था, फिर सारी दुनिया ने देखा कि ख़िलाफ़त उस्मानियाँ के खात्मे के बाद तुर्की में नवजवान तुर्कों का गलबा शुरू हो गया, यहीं से Turks Youngs की एक तंजीम निकली जिन्होंने ने कमाल पाशा की कयादत में इस्लाम पसन्दों पर जुल्म ढाये उलेमा का क़त्ल ए आम किया नमाज़ की अदायगी और तमाम इस्लामी रसूमात पर पाबंदी लगा दी, अरबी ज़बान में खुतबा अज़ान नमाज़ बन्द करदी गयी मस्जिद के इमामों को पाबंद किया गया कि वह तुर्क ज़बान में अजान दें नमाज पढें और खुतबा दें, इस्लामी लिबास उतरवाकर अवाम को यूरोपीय कपड़े पहनने पर मजबूर किया गया, कमाल पाशा और उसके हवारियों ने तुर्की में इस्लाम को दबाने के जितनी गर्म जोशी का मुजाहिरा किया और मुसलमानों को जितना नुकसान पहुंचाया, उसकी मिसाल रूस और दीगर कम्युनिस्ट मुल्कों के अलावा शायद कहीं ना मिले
खिलाफत उस्मानिया के अंदरूनी मुल्क यहूदियों ने जो साजिशी जाल फैलाया था उसकी एक झलक दिखलाने के लिए खलीफा अब्दुल हमीद का 1 तारीख ही खत पेश किया जाता है जो उन्होंने अपने शेख अबुल शामात महमूद आफनदी को उस वक्त लिखा था जब उन्हें खिलाफत से माजूल करके जलावतन और कैद तन्हाई पर मजबूर कर दिया गया था
उस खत के मजमून से अंदाजा लगाया जा सकता है कि उम्मते मुस्लिमां की निजाम खिलाफत की बीख कुनी के लिए सहूनी ताकतों ने कैसी-कैसी साजिशे की थी और उन साजिशों में कौन शरीक था।
ToTomb of Osman Gazi. Founder of the Ottoman Empire in Bursa. What an experience visiting!
खलीफा अब्दुल हमीद के खत का उर्दू तर्जुमा पेश है :-
मैं इंतिहाई नियाज मंदी के साथ तरीका साजलियत के उस अजीम मरतबत शेख अबुल शामात आफनदी की खिदमत में बाद तकदीम एहतराम अर्ज गुजार हूं कि मुझे आपका 22 मई 1913 का लिखा हुआ खत्म मौसूल हुआ
जनाब वाला मैं यह बात साफ-साफ बताना चाहता हूं कि मैं उम्मत मुस्लिमां की खिलाफत की जिम्मेदारियों से खुद दस्तबरदार नहीं हुआ बल्कि मुझे ऐसा करने पर मजबूर किया गया। Union सेट पार्टी ने मेरे रास्ते में बेशुमार रुकावटें पैदा कर दी थी मुझ पर बहुत ज्यादा और हर तरह का दबाव डाला गया सिर्फ इतना ही नहीं मुझे धमकियां भी दी गई और साजिशों के जरिए मुझे खिलाफत छोड़ने पर मजबूर किया गया।
Union सेट पार्टी जो नौजवान तुर्क के नाम से भी मशहूर है ने पहले तो मुझ पर इस बात के लिए दबाव डाला कि मैं मुकद्दस सर जमीन फलस्तीन में यहूदियों की कौमी हुकूमत के कयाम से इत्तेफाक कर लूं मुझे इस पर मजबूर करने की कोशिश भी की गई लेकिन तमाम दबाव के बावजूद मैंने इस मुतालबा को मानने से साफ इंकार कर दिया मेरे इस इंकार के बाद उन लोगों ने मुझे 150 मिलियन स्टर्लिंग पाउंड सोना देने की पेशकश की मैंने उस पेश कश को भी यह कहकर रद्द कर दिया कि यह 150 मिलियन स्टर्लिंग पाउंड सोना तो एक तरफ अगर तुम यह करह ए अर्ज सोने से भर कर पेश करो तो मैं इस घिनौनी तजवीज को नहीं मान सकता।
30 साल से ज्यादा अरसा तक उम्मत मोहम्मदिया की खिदमत करता रहा हूं इस तमाम अरसे में मैंने कभी इस उम्मत की तारीख को दागदार नहीं किया मेरे आबा वजदाद और खिलाफत उस्मानिया के हुक्मरानों ने भी मिल्लत इस्लामिया की खिदमत की है लिहाजा में किसी भी हालत और किसी भी सूरत में इस तजवीज को नहीं मान सकता मेरे इस तरह से साफ इनकार करने के बाद मुझे खिलाफत से हटाने का फैसला किया गया उस फैसले से मुझे बाखबर कर दिया गया और बताया गया कि मुझे जलावतन किया जा रहा है मुझे इस फैसले को कबूल करना पड़ा क्योंकि मैं खिलाफत उस्मानिया और मिल्लत इस्लामिया के चेहरे को दागदार नहीं कर सकता था खिलाफत के दौर में फलस्तीन में यहूदियों की कौमी हुकूमत का कयाम मिल्लत इस्लामिया के लिए इंतिहाई शर्मनाक हरकत होती और दायमी रुसवाई का सबब बनती खिलाफत खत्म होने के बाद जो कुछ होना था हो गया मैं तो अल्लाह ताला की बारगाह में सरबा सजूद हूँ और हमेशा उसका शुक्र बजा लाता हूं कि उस रुसवाई का दाग मेरे हाथों नहीं लगा बस इसी अर्ज के साथ अपनी तहरीर खत्म करता हूं।
वस्सलाम 22 ऐलोल 1329 (उस्मानियाँ कैलेंडर के मुताबिक) सितम्बर 1913ई मिल्लत इस्लामिया का ख़ादिम अब्दुल हमीद बिन अब्दुल मजीद।
खलीफा अब्दुल हमीद के इस खत को गौर से पढ़ने के बाद बहुत से हकायक सामने आते हैं सबसे पहली बात तो यह कि उन्हें अल्लाह ताला की ज़ात पर बेहद यकीन था उन्होंने यहूदियों की इतनी बड़ी माली पेशकश को ठुकरा दिया मिल्लत इस्लामिया की तारीख को अपने अहद में दागदार होने से बचाए रखा अहलुल्लाह और अहले इल्म से उन्हें गहरा दिली ताल्लुक था तो तज़किया कल्ब और रूह के लिए बाकायदा सिलसिला शाजलिया से वाबस्ता थे।
यहूद और मगरिब की साम्राजी ताकतों के सामने अजम और इसतकामत के साथ डटे रहें अपने दौरे खिलाफत में यहूदियों को सर जमीन फलस्तीन में कता जमीन किसी भी कीमत पर खरीदने की इजाजत नहीं दी एक तारीखी हकीकत यह है कि जब तक तुर्की में खिलाफत उस्मानिया कायम रही उस वक्त तक इस्तेमारी ताकतों का फलस्तीन में यहूदी ममलिकत के कयाम का ख्वाब शर्मिंदा ताबीर ना हो सका।
At one time the Ottoman Empire was run by the Harem of the Emperor. In that period the women corporatised the Harem, organised it as bureaucracy, and took all crucial decisions & made official appointments. Would you dismiss this or celebrate it?
मुसलमानों और यहूदियों की कशमकश
मुसलमानों और यहूदियों की कशमकश तो यूं तो बहुत पुरानी है लेकिन नए अंदाज में इसकी शुरुआत 1897 में हुई जब यहूदी अकाबरीन ने खुफिया तौर पर जमा होकर यह तय किया कि खिलाफत उस्मानिया पर घात लगाई जाए क्योंकि उनके इरादे की तकमील में सबसे बड़ी रुकावट आलमे इस्लाम की मरकजी ताकत खिलाफत उस्मानिया ही थी इसलिए तयशुदा प्रोग्राम के मुताबिक खलीफा सुल्तान अब्दुल हमीद की खिदमत में एक ऐय्याराना दरख्वास्त पेश की गई कि हमें फलस्तीन में एक टुकड़ा जमीन दे दिया जाए हम उसकी बड़ी से बड़ी कीमत देने के लिए तैयार हैं सुल्तान ने यहूदियों के अजायम को भाप लिया उनकी दरख्वास्त रद्द कर दी बस फिर क्या था सुल्तान के खिलाफ मुल्क के अंदर और बाहर नफरत और प्रोपगंडा की मुहिम शुरू कर दी गई ईसाई हुकूमत पहले ही खिलाफत उस्मानिया से हार के बैठी थी उन की फौजी ताकत और यहूदियों की खुफिया साजिशों के जरिया मुसलमानों की मर्जी ताकत हमेशा के लिए खत्म कर दी गई और तुर्की के अंदर मुस्तफा कमाल पाशा की कयादत में एक तंजीम यूनियन सेट पार्टी की बुनियाद डाली गई इस पार्टी में ज्यादातर भोले-भाले तुर्क नौजवान शामिल थे इस अंजुमन के इजतेमात के लिए फ्रीमेसन लॉज थे फ्री मिशन तहरीक दरअसल यहूदियों के दिमाग की उपज है जिसमें खासतौर पर ऐसे लोगों को शामिल किया जाता है जिनका रिश्ता किसी न किसी मजहब से होना जरूरी है लेकिन हकीकत में वह मजहब से बेजार होते हैं इसलिए वह बड़े-बड़े लोग जिनके बारे में मोतैयन तौर पर मालूम हो कि वह फ्रीमेसन तहरीक के सरगम मेंबर थे उनमें मुस्तफा कमाल पाशा भी शामिल है।
इस तंजीम के हाथों खिलाफत उस्मानिया का शेराजा बिखेरा गया और इस्तेमाल किया गया मुस्तफा कमाल पाशा को फिर आलमे इस्लाम एक ऐसे इंतेशार का शिकार हो गया कि आज तक ब्लॉद इस्लामिया के इत्तेहाद की तमाम तहरीकें बेअसर साबित हुई बहरे हाल 1924ई में तुर्की से खिलाफत उस्मानिया का खात्मा हो गया Union सेट पार्टी सत्ता में आ गई आखरी खलीफा सुल्तान अब्दुल हमीद को सत्ता से बेदखल करके जला वतनी की जिंदगी गुजारने पर मजबूर कर दिया गया तुर्की में दहरियों का राज हो गया मजहब बेज़ार फौज का बोलबाला हो गया और ठीक 24 साल बाद यानी 15 मई 1948 को फलस्तीन में यहूदी ममलिकत इसराइल का कयाम अमल में आया हालात की सितम जारीफ़ी देखिए जिस खलीफा ने हर तरह की लालच और धमकियों के बावजूद यहूदियों को फलस्तीन की रत्ती भर जमीन देने से इनकार कर दिया था उसी फलस्तीन में इसराइल को तस्लीम करके उसके साथ सफारती ताल्लुकात कायम करने वाला पहला मुस्लिम मुल्क कोई और नहीं बल्कि अतातुर्क का तुर्की ही था।
बक़ौल इक़बाल..
अस़ा ना हो तो कलीमी है कार बे बुनियाद…
From the book “Osmanlı’dan Torunlarına Yol Rehberi”.
In the late 1800’s, it became known to Sultan Abdülhamid II that a comedy play about the life of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) was being performed at a theater in Paris, France. As the Caliph of all Muslims, this was an intolerable affront to Islam that Sultan Abdülhamid II wanted to put an end to. He wrote an ultimatum letter to the French government informing them that he was intent on stopping the play. After deliberating the matter, not only did the French government put an end to the play, they also exiled many of the actors to the United Kingdom to appease the Sultan.
After some time, the Sultan learned that the same derogatory play was going to start being performed in London. Sultan Abdülhamid II reacted to this news and wrote a letter to the British government with a similar ultimatum, and informed them that the play had recently been prohibited in France. The British government responded to the Sultan’s letter by stating “This is not France. We have freedom in our borders.”
Upon receiving this letter, Sultan Abdülhamid II wrote a fairly aggressive response to the British and stated: “My ancestors gave their lives without hesitation for the sake and success of Islam. In this vein, I will decisively prepare an order to the entire worldwide Muslim nation (Ummah) and inform them of your continued haughty attitude and persistence in allowing this disrespectful play to continue. YOU MUST NOW CONSIDER WHAT WILL BE THE OUTCOME OF THIS ORDER!”
The British, having had extensive diplomatic ties with Sultan Abdülhamid II had an in-depth insight into his personality. They realized that his words were not an empty threat, and immediately put an end to the theatrical play.
#सलजूकी_____सल्तनत
11वीं सदी से 14 वीं सदी ईसवी के दरम्यान मशरीकि उस्ता वस्त एशिया में कायम एक मुस्लिम बादशाहत थी जो नस्ल से ओगोज़ तुर्क थे, मुस्लिम तवारीख में इसे बहुत अहमियत हासिल है, कियूं की यह दौलत अब्बासिया के ख़ात्मेन के बाद आलमें इस्लाम को एक मरकज पर जमा करने वाली आखरी सल्तनत थी,उसकी सरहदें एक तरफ चीन से लेकर बहरे मोतवसत और तरफ अदन से लेकर ख्वारजम व बुख़ारा तक फैली ही थी, उनका दौरे अहद इस्लाम का आखरी अहदे ज़री कहला सकता है, इसी लिए सलाज़का को मुस्लिम तारीख में खास दर्जा व मकाम हासिल है, सलजूकीयों के ज़वाल के साथ उम्मते मुस्लिमा में जिस सियासी इंतशार का आगाज़ हुआ उसका फायदा उठाते हुए अहले यूरोप नें मुसलमानों पर सलीबी जंगें थोप कर और आलमें इस्लाम के क़ल्ब में मुक़द्दस तरीन मकाम बैतुल मुक़द्दस पर कब्जा कर लिया..
Topkapı Palace is one of the oldest palaces in the world, It served as the administrative centre of the Ottoman Empire for some 400 years. Unlike European palaces, it comprises of numerous structures and various pavilions and apartments, giving it the appearance of a small city
9 Feb, 1640, #Murad IV, sultan of the #Ottoman Empire (1623-40), died in Baghdad.
His reign is most notable for the Ottoman–#Safavid War
(1623–39)
#Ibrahim (1640-1648) succeeded Murad IV in the Ottoman House of #Osman.
Sultan Ibrahim
Dolmabahçe Palace 🇹🇷
Served as the main administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1856 to 1887 & 1909 to 1922
last khalifa Abdul Hamid of Ottoman empire
1909 1327AH TURKEY Ottoman Empire Sultan Genuine Silver 20K Islamic Coin
In the period when the Ottoman Empire forbade Jewish immigration to Palestine, it did not prevent the Jews from coming to Jerusalem for religious purposes.
will re-establish the ottoman empire very quickly.
THE GOLDEN HORDE AND ISLAM
When studying the history of the Golden Horde, Russian school textbooks, as a rule, do not see a special difference between Mongols and modern Tatars, and this in turn leads to such a widespread, but obviously erroneous view that the warriors of Khan Baty represented the Muslim army.This opinion is formed as if by default. An in-depth approach to the coverage of this topic in the study of the Golden Horde period of Russian history is practically absent.However, historical facts show us that the clashes with the conquerors did not follow the principle – Christians against Muslims, and even – not Slavs against the Turks. The battle on Kalka already makes one think about the obvious fallacy of this approach, as it is known that the army of Subede was confronted by the united army of Russians and Polovtsians, who, as it is known, were Turks.Another historical fact, which makes it clear about the crept in error, is the defeat of Batu in the Muslim Volga Bulgaria, after which part of the Bulgars even find shelter in the Russian territory.But what was the ethnic and religious background of the warriors of Genghis Khan? Obviously, the top of the army was the Mongols, although there were many Turks in the army. But were they Muslims? It can be said that if there were followers of Islam in the army, they were 0.01%, since the overwhelming number of soldiers were ordinary pagans.But within a short period of time the Chingizids turned to Islam, which is undoubtedly a kind of miracle, since the conquerors actually accept the religion of the peoples they have conquered. Approximately from the mid-thirteenth to the mid-fifteenth centuries, the Islamic dogma, significantly expanding its borders, becomes the ideological basis for many tribes and peoples of Eastern Europe and Western Siberia. The first Muslim khan was Batu’s brother Khan Berke who accepted Islam from Sufi preachers.Despite this, no religious harassment in the virtually independent state was followed. But the Muslim tribes and peoples that have entered the new state received additional impetus for their further development.However, Chingizids almost never interfered in the internal way of life of the conquered peoples, as evidenced by the history of Orthodoxy in Russia. Even the notorious historian N. Karamzin, who did not experience much sympathy towards the Tatars, had to admit that Khan Berke “allowed the Russians … to freely send Christian worship, so that Metropolitan Kirill in 1261 established for them a special exarchy called Sarskaya.”Under Khan Berke, close contacts were established with the state of Mamluks in Egypt, which, naturally, spiritually enriched the peoples of the Golden Horde. At the same time in the capital, named after Khan Saray-Berke, as well as in many other cities, the construction of mosques and madrassas was encouraged.However, soon such a policy met with fierce resistance from the elite surrounding the khan, who demanded that he observe Yasa of Chingiz-khan. As a result, the spread of Islam has come up against tangible obstacles in the face, especially of the supreme shamans, who still had a certain weight in pagan circles, whose representatives made up a large part of the Horde elite.After the death of the first Muslim khan, pagans rose to the throne, but many representatives of the elite were already subdued by the strength of the spirit of Islam, which eventually helped Khan Uzbek, who not only officially professed Islam, but also elevated it to the rank of state religion. The new ruler of the Golden Horde, unlike his ancestor, Khan Berke, did not tolerate the resistance of the shaman nobility and after their frank speeches he dealt with them according to the laws of wartime (especially since disagreeable khans often died under unclear circumstances, such as Khan Berke).With the rise of Islam to the rank of official religion, an unprecedented flourishing of this powerful and vast state began. It is at this time marked by the violent construction of new cities, in which mosques and madrassas are almost everywhere erected.Does this mean that non-Muslim nationals are oppressed and discriminated against? Some historians speak of the extreme intolerance of the Uzbek Khan, elevating him to the status of such “Islamic fundamentalists”, but citing the example of the destruction of the shaman elite, the reasons for which have already been said. But at the same time, the attitude of the Khan to Christians, and first of all to the Orthodox, is ignored.What was it like? “It’s amazing,” writes the famous historian R.Landa, “but the strengthening of Islam in the Horde was accompanied by the strengthening of Orthodoxy in Russia.” Yes, for many it really seems amazing, but not for those who are familiar with the history of the spread of Islam.
As we know, it was on the territory of the Caliphate that numerous Christian (and not only) communities were preserved, which were constantly oppressed by the official Church, be it Roman or Byzantine. Thus, a tolerant attitude towards Orthodoxy was the usual continuation of a true Islamic policy towards the Gentiles. And if one or another ruler refused such a policy, it was just the result of his departure from the norms of the Islamic code of laws and regulations.The reign of Khan Uzbek is considered to be the highest point in the history of the Golden Horde, because at this time military actions have become so subtle that many cities, including the capital itself, do not even have barriers and fortifications. Naturally, with such realities, science and trade are on the first row.As already noted, educational institutions and libraries are being built everywhere, which were an integral part of any madrasah. In addition to religious, various social and social structures were built, from the chambers of justice to hospitals.Despite the fact that at the level of mass consciousness in Russia the Golden Horde is perceived as a kind of barbaric “parasite state”, it is obvious that this absolutely does not correspond to the truth. After all, in such states, one could hardly expect the appearance of all that has been described. And one more example, testifying against such an unfair and biased approach, is the flowering of poetry and literature, which can not be expected from ignorant barbarians.As for trade, the geographical position of the Golden Horde simply gave in hand all the necessary prerequisites for the successful development of this vitally important industry. The famous “Great Silk Road” ran practically through the entire territory of the state, which, of course, contributed to the prosperity of the superpower of that time. In fact, the “steppe” state was turned into a “merchant-trade” state, which, undoubtedly, is due to Uzbek Khan and his Islamic policy.In addition to relations with the countries of Central and East Asia, relations with the Arab region, and especially with Mamluk Egypt, also strengthened. As already noted, for the first time such connections were established by the first Muslim Khan Berke, under the Uzbek khan, the relations reached a new level, which was connected with another interesting and remarkable historical fact.The fact is that the Mamluks were in a very difficult situation, being in close proximity to other Chingizids. Khan Khulagu, being a pagan, went through the remnants of the Caliphate with fire and sword, almost reaching Egypt. And in this situation Khan Uzbek rendered his resolute support to his co-religionists, sending his troops to the rescue.After the defeat of Khan Khulagu, the army of the Golden Horde defeated the army of his son, who inherited his father’s throne. Naturally, this contributed to the revival of Muslim lands, ruined and overturned by pagan invasions.Unfortunately, the Khan did not find worthy successors, as a result of which, within two decades, the state enters a period of internal feuds. But even in these conditions, Islam still continues to rapidly conquer an increasing number of tribes and peoples.For example, according to archaeological data from about the XIV-XV centuries in the steppes of Eastern Europe the pagan burial rite of burial disappears, which is replaced by the Muslim rite. All this once again proves the mighty potential of Islam, both the religion proper and the way of life.The history of the Golden Horde, undoubtedly, still awaits its objective researchers, who would reveal to Russians much of what remains behind the scenes.
Bayah & The Necessity of a Spiritual Guide/Murshid explained through Quran & Ahadith
Whoever dies and did not make an oath of allegiance (to a Muslim leader) has died a death of jahiliyah (ignorance). [ Sahih Muslim, Kitab-ul-Immarah]”
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1.0 Introduction: The meaning of Bay’at
Pledging allegiance, also known as taking bayah or bayt, is a tradition from the times of Beloved Messenger of Allah.
The meaning of Bai’at or pledging allegiance is to totally surrender yourself to a Muslim leader to guide you to Allah Taala. The one to whom you surrender, the one who helps you to walk on the path of Shari’ah and Tariqah is known as a “Murshid” in Arabic (teacher/ guide/sheikh) and the one who follows the guide is called “Mureed” (Disciple)
If a person wants to learn any art form or gain knowledge/science he will seek help from an expert in that field. Knowledge of deen and the AllahSubhanahu wa Ta’alaZaat (Being) is the important knowledge, science and difficult secret in the universe. It can only be achieved with the help of its experts. Only the expert’s can be accepted as Murshids (guides). The aim of this article is to define the need and necessity of a guide. The selection of spiritual guide/qualities/ranks is different discussion and will dealt separately inshallah azzawajal in the forthcoming articles.
Pledging allegiance (Bayah) is a tradition from the times of Beloved Messenger of Allah. The bayah & tajdeed-e-Bayah (renewal of bayah) used to take place in the time of the Holy Prophet (sallal laahu alaihi wasallam), followed by khulfa-e-rashideen, Sahaba radi allahu tala anhu and generations after that until now.
Though the index quote should suffice to understand the necessity of pledging allegiance to a Muslim leader, more references have been cited from Quran and Ahadees for better understanding.
2.0 Quotes from Quran:
The baya’h is established in the Qura’n, the baya’h was given to the Prophet (peace be upon him) not only as part of the belief in Islam and his messenger ship but also as part of his authority and organization of the affairs of the Muslims in the deen and duniya:
Once such example is when the Noble Companions pledged oath to Prophet under the tree (Bayah-Al-Ridwan), before Al Hudaiba treaty. In this incident, each Companion placed their hand in the hand of the Beloved Prophet, and affirmed their faith in the oneness of Allah (tawheed).
This incident is reported in the Holy Qur’an, which states,
1) “Certainly Allah was pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you, [O Muhammad], under the tree, and He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down tranquillity upon them and rewarded them with an imminent conquest.” [Surah Al-Fath 48:18]
More evidence from the Quran:
2) The one who gives baya’ah is making a promise in front of Allah to worship Allah by clinging to the Islamic system.
“Those who swear allegiance to you (O dear Prophet Mohammed – peace and blessings be upon him), do indeed in fact swear allegiance to Allah; Allah’s Hand* of Power is above their hands; so whoever breaches his oath, has breached his own greater promise; and whoever fulfils the covenant he has with Allah – so very soon Allah will bestow upon him a great reward”. (allah’s hand used as a metaphor to mean Allah’s power). [Surah Al-Fath 48:10]3) Allah azzawajal says
“O dear Prophet (Mohammed – peace and blessings be upon him)! If Muslim women come humbly to you to take oath of allegiance that they will neither ascribe any partner to Allah, nor steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill their children, nor bring the lie that they carry between their hands and feet, nor disobey you in any rightful matter – then accept their allegiance and seek forgiveness from Allah for them; indeed Allah is Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful.” [Surah Mumtahenah 60:12]
4) It is recorded in Sura Kahf, where Allah had ordered Hazrat Musa (Alaihis Salaam) to seek the company of Hazrat Khizr (Alaihis Salaam) to gain certain hidden knowledge that Allah had bestowed upon Hazrat Khizr (peace and blessings be upon him). [Sura Kahf 18, verses 65-82]
5) Allah azzawajal took the solemn pledge of all Prophets and Messengers to believe in the final Messenger and to support him. Allah says,
“And remember when Allah took a covenant from the Prophets; “If I give you the Book and knowledge and the (promised) Noble Messenger (Prophet Mohammed – peace and blessings be upon him) comes to you, confirming the Books you possess, you shall positively, definitely believe in him and you shall positively, definitely help him”; He said, “Do you agree, and accept My binding responsibility in this matter?” They all answered, “We agree”; He said, “Then bear witness amongst yourselves, and I Myself am a witness with you.” [Surah Al mran 3:81]
6) And remember O dear Prophet (Mohammed – peace and blessings be upon him) when We took a covenant from the Prophets – and from you – and from Nooh, and Ibrahim, and Moosa, and Eisa the son of Maryam; and We took a firm covenant from them, So that He may question the truthful regarding their truth; and He has kept prepared a painful punishment for the disbelievers. [ Surah Ahzab 33, verses 7 & 8]
7) O People who Believe! Fear Allah, and seek the means towards Him, and strive in His cause, in the hope of attaining success. [Surah Maidah 5:35]
8) “… whomever Allah guides – only he is therefore guided; and whomever He sends astray – you will never find for him a friend who guides”. [Surah Kahf 18:17]
(The word ‘Murshid’ has come from this verse 18:17)
9) The general implication of the following ayah also makes the baya’h to the Imaam obligatory because it is the method to enter into the sharia’h system, structure and authority along with the beliefs
“O you who believe! Obey Allah, obey the messenger and those in authority amongst you and if you differ in anything between yourselves then refer it back to Allah and His messenger if you believe in Allah and the Last Day. That is better and more suitable for final determination.” (Surah Nisa 4:59)
There are many other ayah’s indicating the obligation of the sharia’h authority, unity and the prohibition of disunity in a’qeedah or authority in general however the selected one are quoted. Inshallah the forthcoming sections will shed more light clarifying what is authority and how is it passed on in chain.
10) “And fulfil the covenant of Allah when you have made the promise, and do not break your oaths after ratifying them, and you have made Allah a Guarantor over you; indeed Allah knows your deeds”. [Surah Nahl 16:91]
11) “…and fulfil the promise; indeed the promise will be asked about.” [Surah bani israel 17:34]
As seen in the above verses the Qur’an is encouraging the people to give their oath and to keep their oath to the Prophet (peace be upon him), who leads them to the presence of Allah, Almighty and Exalted. Initiation of bayah muslims was done in the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and continued after his physical departure from our vision.
The Companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) gave bayah to the caliphs of the Prophet (peace be upon him) after his physical passing away from the world. It is narrated through the books of Sirah of the Sahhaba that the Sahaba gave bay’ah to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, the to Umar ibn al-Khattab, then to Uthman ibn Affan, to Ali, to Muawiya, and to all the caliphs who came later, as they had given it to the Prophet (peace be upon him)
3.0 Quotes from Ahadees:
According to the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace be upon him), the oath was taken from men, women, as a group, as a group or as individuals, and from children as narrated by Imam Bukhari and Muslim.The Companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) gave bayah to the caliphs of the Prophet (peace be upon him) after his physical passing away from the world. It is narrated through the books of Sirah of the Sahhaba that the Sahaba gave bay’ah to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, the to Umar ibn al-Khattab, then to Uthman ibn Affan, to Ali, to Muawiya, and to all the caliphs who came later, as they had given it to the Prophet (peace be upon him)
There are several ahadith discussing the incidents of bayah on various occasions such as bayah al ridwan, bayah al aqaba, hijrah, jihad, oath for listening and obeying to muslim leaders/imam, renewal of bayah etc however again only few are selected to limit the article. Those who are interested can easily get more quotes in books and particular volumes referred below.
3.1 Pledge of Allligiance to Prophet (peace be upon him):
a) Abdu’r-Rahman ibn Razin said, “We passed by az-Zubda and were told, ‘There is Salama ibn al-Akwa’. I went to him and he greeted us. Then he brought out his hands and stated, ‘With these two hands I offered allegiance to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.’ He held out his palm which was as huge as a camel’s foot, and we got up and kissed it.”
Reference: Al-Adab al-Mufrad Al-Bukhari by Imam Bukhari. Greetings Chapter 445 Hadith No 973.
b) Narrated Jabir bin ‘Abdullah: On the day of Al-Hudaibiya, Allah’s Apostle said to us’ “You are the best people on the earth!” We were 1400 then. If I could see now, I would have shown you the place of the Tree (beneath which the pledge of allegiance was given by us),” Salim said, “Our number was 1400.” ‘Abdullah bin Abi Aufa said, “The people (who gave the pledge of allegiance) under the Tree numbered 1300 and the number of Bani Aslam was 1/8 of the Emigrants.” (Sahi Bukhari, Book 59, Hadith 475)
c) Narrated Urwa: Hazrathe Aisha the wife of the Prophet, said, “Allah’s Apostle used to examine the believing women who migrated to him in accordance with this Verse: ‘O Prophet! When believing women come to you to take the oath of allegiance to you… Verily! Allah is Oft-Forgiving Most Merciful.’ (60.12) Hazrathe Aisha said, “And if any of the believing women accepted the condition (assigned in the above-mentioned Verse), Allah’s Apostle would say to her. “I have accepted your pledge of allegiance.” “He would only say that, for, by Allah, his hand never touched, any lady during that pledge of allegiance. He did not receive their pledge except by saying, “I have accepted your pledge of allegiance for that.” (Sahi Bukhari, Book 60, Hadith 414)
d) Narrated ‘Ubada bin As-Samit: who took part in the battle of Badr and was a Naqib (a person heading a group of six persons), on the night of Al-‘Aqaba pledge: Allah’s Apostle said while a group of his companions were around him, “Swear allegiance to me for:
1. Not to join anything in worship along with Allah.
2. Not to steal.
3. Not to commit illegal sexual intercourse.
4. Not to kill your children.
5. Not to accuse an innocent person (to spread such an accusation among people).
6. Not to be disobedient (when ordered) to do good deed.”The Prophet added: “Whoever among you fulfills his pledge will be rewarded by Allah. And whoever indulges in any one of them (except the ascription of partners to Allah) and gets the punishment in this world, that punishment will be expiation for that sin. And if one indulges in any of them, and Allah conceals his sin, it is up to Him to forgive or punish him (in the Hereafter).” ‘Ubada bin As-Samit added: “So we swore allegiance for these.” (Points to Allah’s Apostle) [Sahi Bukhari, Book 2, Hadith 17]
3.2 Pledge of Allligiance to Caliphs and imams:
a) Pledge of Alligiance to Abu Bakr
After physical passing away of prophet, Umar ra said to Abu Bakr, that we elect you, for you are our chief and the best amongst us and the most beloved of all of us to Allah’s Apostle.” Then ‘Umar took Abu Bakr’s hand and gave the pledge of allegiance and the people too gave the pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr.
The detailed hadith is narrated by hazrathe aisha is recorded in Sahi bukhari, Vol 57 hadith 19.
b) Pledge of Alligiance to caliphs
Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “The Israelis used to be ruled and guided by prophets: Whenever a prophet died, another would take over his place. ”There will be no prophet after me, but there will be caliphs who will increase in number” people asked, “O Allah’s Apostle! What do you order us (to do)?” He said, “Obey the one who will be given the pledge of allegiance first. Fulfil their (i.e. the Caliphs) rights, for Allah will ask them about (any shortcoming) in ruling those Allah has put under their guardianship.”
[Sahih Bukhari Volume 4, Book 56, Number 661]
c) Pledge of Allegiance (Bay’t) to sahaba:
Narrated ‘Abdullah bin Dinar: When the people took the oath of allegiance to ‘Abdul Malik, ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar wrote to him: “To Allah’s Slave, ‘Abdul Malik, Chief of the believers, I give the pledge of allegiance that I will listen to and obey Allah’s Slave, ‘Abdul Malik, Chief of the believers, according to Allah’s Laws and the Traditions of His Apostle in whatever is within my ability; and my sons too, give the same pledge.”
(Sahi Bukhari, Book 89, Hadith 312)
d) Pledge of alligiance (Bay’t) to Imam (Having Authority):
Abu Huraira (may allah be pleased with him) narrated on the authority of Abu Bakr that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Three are the persons with whom Allah would neither speak on the Day of Resurrection, nor would He look towards them, nor would purify them (from sins), and there would be a tormenting chastisement for them:
1) A person who in the waterless desert has more water (than his need) and he refuses to give it to the traveler.
2) A person who sold a commodity to another person in the afternoon and took an oath of Allah that he had bought it at such and such price and he (the buyer) accepted it to be true though it was not a fact,
3) A person who pledged allegiance to the Imam but for the sake of the world (material gains). And if the Imam bestowed on him (something) out of that (worldly riches) he stood by his allegiance and if he did not give him, he did not fulfil the allegiance. (Sahi muslim, Book 1, Hadith 196)
e) Pledge of Alligiance to Imam mehdi:
Umm Salamah relates: she heard the messenger of allah, say: there willl be difference of opinion over the death of the caliph, (i.e difference on who should be appointed as the next caliph. on seeing this) a person from the tribe of Hashim (fearing he may be selected to take the burden of caliphate) will leave for makkah from medina. Some people will come and take him out of his house although he will resist it. Then they take the oath (of caliphate) on his hand between the black stone and station of ibrahim (maqam ibrahim) (on hearing the news of their allegiance) an army will set out towards them from Syria but it will be crushed into the ground as it reaches Bayda (a plain between makkah and medina). after this, the saints of Iraq and the abdal (substitutes) of Syria will call on him. then a (sufyani) person will come from syria, his maternal relatives belonging to the kalb tribe, he will dispatch his army to wage war on him. Allah will defeat them, resulting in them facing a catastophe. This is the battle of kalb. so anyone who(does not take part in the battle of kalb and as a result) does not share in the booty, will be in loss. Then the caliph Mahdi will discover treasures and distribute them generously (among the people). Islam will be fully established on earth. people wil live (in this state of prosperity and comfort) for seven or nine years (that is people will live in peach and comfort until the death of Mahdi)
Ref: Abu Dawud, as sunan, book of mahdi (kitab al mahdi) Hadis nu. 4287
f) Hadith on obeying the leaders:
The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said: There is no Prophet after me, and there is no Ummah after you, so you should worship your Lord and say your 5 daily prayers, and fast in your month (Ramadan), obey your leaders and thus enter the Blessed garden of your Lord [Imam Tabarani in Muj’am al Kabir, Volume No. 8, Hadith 7217]
g) Those who separated from amir would die the death of one belonging to the pre-islamic days.
It has been narrated (through a different chain of transmitters) on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Who defected from obedience (to the Amir) and separated from the main body of the Muslim-then he died in that state-would die the death of one belonging to the days of Jahillyya. And he who is killed under the banner of a man who is blind (to the cause for which he is fighting), who gets flared up with family pride and fights for his tribe-is not from my Umma, and whoso from my followers attacks my followers (indiscriminately) killing the righteous and the wicked of them, sparing not (even) those staunch in faith and fulfilling not his obligation towards them who have been given a pledge (of security), is not from me (i. e. is not my follower). (Sahih Muslim Book 20, Hadith 4557)
h) “Whoever dies and did not make an oath of allegiance (to a Muslim leader) has died a death of jahiliyah (ignorance)”. (Sahih Muslim, Kitaab al-Imaarah)
4.0 Sayings of pious:
- In regards to surah maida 5:35, “seek means to approach Allah” Hazrat Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani states in Ghunyatut Talibeen that a murshid is to be accepted as a link and a mediator between himself and his lord, and also as a method and a means by which to attain him. He further says that the spiritual guides are the road to Allah, the signposts to it, and the gate by which it is entered. For every seeker of Allah a spiritual guide is therefore necessary. – [Hazrat Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani]
- “Whoever travels without a guide needs two hundred years for a two-day journey” – Moulana Rumi.
- In regards to Sura Kahf verses 65-82 where Allah had ordered Hazrat Musa (Alaihis Salaam) to seek the company of Hazrat Khizr (Alaihis Salaam) to gain certain hidden knowledge that Allah had bestowed upon Hazrat Khizr (Alaihis Salaam). Hazrat Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani says “Allah has caused it to be a normal state of affairs on this earth for there to be a murshid (guide) and a mureed (seeker) a follower and one who is followed from the time of Hazrat Adam (Alaihis Salaam) through the era of the various Prophets, Hazrat Noah (Alaihis Salaam), Hazrat Ebrahim (Alaihis Salaam), Hazrat Musa (Alaihis Salaam), Hazrat Isa (Alaihis Salaam) and the Holy Prophet Muhammad . The Sahaba learnt from the Holy Prophet , then the Taba’in learnt from the Sahaba, then the Tabe Taba’in learnt from the Taba’in. In this way, century after century the master and disciple sequence continued without a break through the saints until the present period and will continue till the advent of the final hour. [Ghunyaat-ut-Talibeen – Hazrat Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani ]
- “Maulvi hargis na shud Maula e Rum, Ta ghulame Shams Tabrizi na shud”
Maulana (religious teacher) Rumi could never have become Maulana Rum (Spiritual Guide) without submitting to Spiritual Guide Shams Tabrez – Moulana Rumi.
- Imam Abu Hanifa said, emphasizing the importance of sitting at the feet of a spiritual guide and teacher, “If it were not for two years, I would have perished. For two years, I accompanied Imam Jafar al-Sadiq and I acquired the spiritual knowledge that made me a knower in the Way (i.e. Tasawwuf).” [Ad-Durr Al-Mukhthar, Vol. 1, page 43]
- Mawlana Jalaluddin Rumi states in his Masnavi, “Butter cannot be acquired without milk, as recognition of Allah (ilm-e-baatin) cannot be obtained without a spiritual guide or Murshid.
- Ghaus-ul Azam (radi Allahu anhu) says: “If a person is unable to differentiate between a true and false Murshid, he should perform 2 Rakaats Nafil for achieving recognition of Allah at Tahajjud time. Then he should ask Allah to inform him of those pious people who will be able to guide him on the Right Path. He should beseech Allah to show him the person who will intoxicate him with Allah’s love and adorn the eyes of his heart with the light of Allah’s closeness and inform him of unseen happenings that he personally witnessed”. (Insha-Allah by doing so, one will receive the answer)(Al-Fath-ur Rabbani, pg.146) (If someone is unable to do this then he should seek the advise of a well versed Sunni Aalim. At times, people take advice from the ignorant and become Mureeds of Shaitaan. May Allah Taala protect us )
- Hazrat Ghausul Azam- Hadrat Sheikh Abdul Qaadir Jailani Radi Allahu anhu brings home the necessity of a Murshid in a beautiful metaphor. He says: “The heart is the plantation for the Aakhirah (Hereafter). Sow the seeds of Imaan in your heart. Irrigate, fertilise and mature it with regular good deeds. If there is kindness and energy in the heart it will be fertile and an abundant harvest will result. Should the heart be harsh and contemptuous, the soul becomes infertile and barren and no crop will be able to grow. Learn this art of farming by its farmers/ experts, the Awliya Allah. Do not think your opinion to be sufficient. Our ProphetSalla Allahu ‘alayhi wa Salam says, Seek help in every field from an expert in that field”. (Al-Fath-ur-Rabbani, pg. 202)
- Hazrat Ghausul AzamRadi Allahu anhusaid: “Arrogance, hypocrisy, egoism, are all arrows of Shaitaan aimed at your hearts. One should formulate a strategy to defend oneself from this attack. The correct strategies are explained and demonstrated by the Mashaaikh (Guides). You should heed to their commands and act on them. They will guide you on the path of AllahSubhanahu wa Ta’ala since they have already travelled on this path. Ask their advise on matters relating to the Nafs (carnal desires), cravings and other weaknesses because they have also suffered their consequences and are well aware of the dangers and harms of evil desires. They have battled these over a long period of time and can confront, control and defeat them”. (Al-Fath-ur-Rabbani, pg. 150)
5.0 Summary & Conclusion:
The Baya’tu Taa’ah [pledge of obedience] is a contract of listening and obeying between the Imaam and the Muslims.
The bayah is an agreement in the Sight of Allah (swt) to follow the Sunnah of the Messenger (saw) in clinging to the jama’h of the Muslims through the system of unity via the acceptance of leader. This agreement takes place between the Imaam and those pledging their obedience to him. The Imaam is promised general obedience including the mentioned articles and in exchange for this, the one fulfilling those conditions will get paradise, as long as they avoid kufr and the major sins, and repent for any lapses, dedicating their lives to the worship of Allah subhanahu tala. The one taking the baya’h is also benefited by all of the worldly and spiritual consequences emanating from the system of unity and the Imaam’s command in accordance with the shari’ah.
The Bayah should not be done as a fashion or for the wordly gain, but disciple should to submit oneself whole heartedly to the true guide to seek closeness to Allah, follow the sunnah and to adhere to his commands in accordance with sharia
Through the baya’ah the Muslim enters into the system of unity and Islamic authority by which the Quran and Sunnah have explained the structure of the Islamic way of life.As evident from quran and ahadith pledge of allegiance to imam (true guide/kamil murshid) is obligation on every muslim. At the same time it is necessary to identify the guide whom we select so we will not fall in the wrong hands and the one who has the capacity to lead the followers close to allah azzawajal and increase spiritual state of his followers/disciples.
“(OAllah) Guide us on the Straight Path, The path of those whom You have favoured” [Surah Fatiha 5l6]