Day: September 30, 2019

Cloud Formation
Mountains pose a significant obstacle to stable air flow. As air approaches the mountain it is forced upwards. At higher altitudes, the temperatures drop, condensing water vapor. This process results in the formation of clouds. Mountains may also restrict or slow down air flow. This restriction may also result in lifting air to high altitudes and creating clouds prior to the air reaching the slopes of the mountain.

Orographic Effect
As the air is forced higher by the mountain, the clouds that were formed eventually release water in the form of precipitation. This so-called orographic effect occurs because the clouds’ ability to hold moisture lessens as temperatures drop. The higher the mountain, the lower the temperatures at its peak. This forces the clouds to release the precipitation in the form of thunderstorms in the summer and severe snowstorms in the winter. The orographic effect occurs on the windward side — the side that faces the wind.
Sciencing, How Do Mountains Affect Precipitation?, 2018

The upwind side of the mountain receives more rain while the downwind side receives sporadic rain or even dry conditions. However this was portrayed in the Quran 1400 years before it was discovered. The Quran says that higher grounds receive more rain while other grounds receive dew.

[Quran 2:265] And the parable of those who spend their wealth seeking Allah’s approval, and to strengthen their souls, is that of a garden on a high ground, if heavy rain falls on it its produce is doubled and if no heavy rain falls then dew. Allah is seeing of everything you do.

“Rabua رَبْوَةٍ” means high ground. In this verse the higher ground receive more rain while other grounds that didn’t receive rain will receive dew. Today we know why higher ground receive more rain, this is the orographic effect.

1400 years ago people thought that water is transparent; nobody believed that color of water could turn black. But today we know that this is false. At higher pressure and temperature water and ice turn black.

Scientists discovered a new characteristic of water. At higher pressures the water molecule becomes half liquid and half solid.

Superionic water, also called superionic ice or ice XVIII is a phase of water that exists at extremely high temperatures and pressures. In superionic water, water molecules break apart and the oxygen ions crystallize into an evenly spaced lattice while the hydrogen ions float around freely within the oxygen lattice. The freely mobile hydrogen ions make superionic water almost as conductive as typical metals. Superionic water is distinct from ionic water, which is a hypothetical liquid state characterized by a disordered soup of hydrogen and oxygen ions. While theorized for decades, it was not until the 1990s that the first experimental evidence emerged for superionic water. Initial evidence came from optical measurements of laser-heated water in a diamond anvil cell, and from optical measurements of water shocked by extremely powerful lasers. The first definitive evidence for the crystal structure of the oxygen lattice in superionic water came from x-ray measurements on laser-shocked water which were reported in 2019. If it were present on the surface of the Earth, superionic ice would rapidly decompress. In May 2019, scientists at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics were able to create superionic ice in a laboratory, confirming it to be almost four times as dense as normal ice and black in color. Superionic water is theorized to be present in the mantles of giant planets such as Uranus and Neptune.
Wikipedia, Superionic Water, 2019

Superionic water forms in higher temperatures and pressures, it is black in color and more viscous than our water. However this was portrayed in the Quran 1400 years before it was discovered. The Quran says that in the heat of hell water looks like tar.

[Quran 18:29] And say, “The truth is from your Lord. Whoever wills let him believe. And whoever wills let him disbelieve”. We have prepared for the unjust a Fire, whose curtains will hem them in. And when they cry for relief, they will be relieved with water like tar, which scalds the faces. What a miserable drink, and what a terrible place.

Muhl in Arabic  مُهْلِ means tar. Tar is a black viscous liquid. Today we know why in the heat of hell water looks like tar; this is one of the characteristics of water, at high temperature and pressure water becomes black and viscous.