Day: October 4, 2023

The Walîmah (wedding meal) of Zainab bint Jahsh:

Imâm Muslim reported on the authority of Anas Ibn Mâlik who said: “Allâh’s Messenger ﷺ contracted a marriage and went to his wife. My mother Umm Sulaim prepared some (food which is made of dates, flour and butter) and placed it in an earthen vessel and said: “Anas, take it to Allâh’s Messenger ﷺ and say: “My mother has sent that to you and she offers greetings to you and says that it is a humble gift for you on our behalf, Messenger of Allâhﷺ”. So, I went along with it to Allâh’s Messengerﷺ and said: “My mother offers you salutations and says that this is a humble gift for you on our behalf”. He said: “Place it here” and then said: “Go and invite on my behalf so and so and anyone whom you meet”, and he even named some persons. He (Anas) said: “I Invited whom he had named and whom I met. I (one of the narrators) said to Anas: “How many (persons) were there? He (Anas) said: “They were about three hundred persons. Then Allâh’s Messengerﷺ (said to me): “Anas, bring that earthen vessel”. They (the guests) then began to enter until the courtyard and the apartment were fully packed. Allâh’s Messengerﷺ said: “Make a circle of ten (guests), and every person should eat from that nearest to him”. They began to eat, until they ate to their fill. A group went out (after eating the food) and another group came in until a lot of them had eaten. He (the Holy Prophetﷺ) said to me: “Anas, lift it (the earthen vessel)”. So, I lifted it, but I could not asses whether it had more (food) when I placed it (before Allâh’s Messengerﷺ) or when I lifted it (after the people had been served out of it)

The story of the bowl in the house of Abû Bakr :

Imâm al-Bukhârî narrated on the authority of ‘Abdur-Rahmân Ibn Abî Bakr who said: “The companions of Suffah were poor people. The Prophetﷺ once said: “Whoever has food enough for two persons, should take a third one (from among them), and whoever has food enough for four persons, should take a fifth or a sixth (or said something similar).” Abû Bakr brought three persons while the Prophetﷺ took ten. And Abû Bakr with his three family members (who were I, my father and my mother) (the sub-narrator is in doubt whether ‘Abdur-Rahmân said, “My wife and my servant who was common for both my house and Abû Bakr’s house”.) Abû Bakr took his supper with the Prophet ﷺand stayed there till he offered the ‘Ishâ (night) prayer. He returned and stayed till Allâh’s Messengerﷺ took his supper. After a part of the night had passed, he returned to his house. His wife said to him, “What has detained you from your guests?” He said: “Have you served supper to them?” She said, “They refused (to take supper) until you come. They (i.e. some members of the household) presented the meal to them but they refused (to eat)”. I went to hide myself and he said: “O Ghunthar!³1″ He invoked Allâh to cause my ears to be cut and he rebuked me. He said: Do eat!” and added, “I will never eat that meal”. By Allâh whenever we took a handful of the meal, the meal grew from underneath more than that handful till everybody ate to his satisfaction; yet the remaining food was more than the original meal. Abû Bakr saw the food was as much as or more than the original amount. He called his wife, “O sister of banî Firâs!” She said: “O pleasure of my eyes. The food has been tripled in quantity.” Abû Bakr then started eating thereof and said: “It (i.e. my oath not to eat) was because of the Shaitân.” He took a handful from it. and carried the rest of it to the Prophetﷺ so tha food was with the Prophet. There was a trea between us and some people, and when the period of that treaty had elapsed, he divided us into twelve groups, each headed by a man. Allâh knows How many men were under the command of each leader Anyhow, the Prophetﷺ surely sent a leader with each group. Then all of them ate of that meal “

The infidels and hypocrites of Arabia used to perform the Haj at the Kaaba and even after the conquest of Makka, they continued the practice. In their practices, circumambulating the Kaaba in naked state was one amoral aspect. It was necessary to stop it. So far the Prophet (s.a.) had not banned them from coming for the ritual. But the initial Verses of the Surat al Baraat express disgust for the infidels and hypocrites. In compliance with this, it was felt necessary to stop them from entering the precincts of the Kaaba. The Prophet (s.a.) gave these verses to Hazrat Abu Bakr and sent him to Makka. Soon after sending him, he deputed Hazrat Ali (a.s.), to proceed on his personal camel, Azba, and take the parchment on which the Verses were inscribed from Ab Bakr and proceed to Makka to recite them to the people there. Hazrat Ali (a.s.) rode the camel fast, overtook Hazrat Abu Bakr, communicated the Prophet (s.a.)’s message, obtained the Verses from him and proceeded to Makka. He also told to Hazrat Abu Bakr that if he wished he could go along with him or else return to Madina. Ibne Athir writes:

“The Prophet (s.a) gave the Surat al Bara-at to Hazrat Abu Bakr to take to Makka, but called him back from the way and told him that for the propagation of the Verses the person from his own house was suitable and therefore entrusted the Verses to Ali (a.s)”

–Jame al Usool, Vol 9, Page 475

Allama Tabari has written about this event in greater detail:

“The Prophet gave the Verses to Abu Bakr, and sent him appointing him the Ameer e Haj. When he reached the Valley of Zil Halifa near the Mosque Shajra, Hazrat Ali (a.s) arrived and took the Verses from him. Hazrat abu Bakr came back to the Prophet (s.a.) and said, ‘I sacrifice my parents on you! Is there any revelation about me?’ The Prophet said, No! But these Verses have to be propagated either by me or the one who is from me!” Ref: Tareeq e Tabari, Vol 2, Page 383

Hazrat Ameer al Momineen (a.s.), on reaching Makka, recited the Verses to the people at Arafat and Muna and announced that the hypocrites who had committed the breach of trust, the truce agreement with them would go void in four months. And then no infidel and hypocrite, who has not embraced Islam, shall be allowed to enter the precincts of Kaaba to umambulate it for performing the Haj Pilgrimage. It caused some brows to frown among the hypocrites, but none had courage to say anything. They were helpless before the might and dominance of Islam. They were forced to pretend that they had embraced Islam. Allama Tabari writes:

“The hypocrites blamed each other and returned and said that since the Qureish had embraced Islam, they had no way other than following suit!” Ref: Tareeq e Tabari, Vol 2, Page 283

This task was not so simple as it appeared. The truce agreements witht the infidels were being abrogated and entry into the Masjid al Haram and performance of Haj by them was banned. It was possible that they turned rebellious and started to conspire against the Muslims. Because of these fears the Prophet (s.a.) was worried about the safety of Hazrat Ali (s.a.) and was eagerly awaiting his return. When Hazrat Abu Dharr gave the news of
his return, the Prophet (s.a.) was over joyed. He went out of the city with his companions and welcomed Hazrat Ali (s.a.).

For this task removing one emissary and appointing another was not the personal decision of the Prophet (s.a.) but it was in compliance to a Revelation from Allah. All the Commands of Allah have always a definite purpose behind them. The purpose behind the change must have been the need to highlight the importance and the superiority of the person entrusted with the job! Therefore, if from the beginning Hazrat Ali (a.s) was deputed, it would have been considered a matter of routine. Detailing an important person and withdrawing him midway to send Hazrat Ali (a.s.) highlighted the importance of the task and the eminence of the person who replaced the earlier emissary! Then the announcement that the replacement was at the Command of Allah gave the act more eminence! It is a matter of conjecture that a person whom Allah didn’t deem fit to to propagate a couple of Verses of the Quran to the people of Makka, was elevated to the caliphate after the demise of the Prophet (s.a.)! It is a pity that some people took shelter behind the excuse of public opinion and installed a person to caliphate and sending the candidate into oblivion who was most deserving of the position. The Commentator of the Quran, Ibne Abbas, too mentions about this incident to prove Hazrat Ali (a.s.)’s right to caliphate. He says:

“By Allah! The Prophet (s.a.) had thought only him suitable to recite the Verses of Surat al Bara-at to the people of Makka.” Ref: Kanz al Amaal, Vol 6, Page 391

Ibne Abbas arguing about the Right to caliphate referring to the incident about the Recitation of the Surat al Bara-at meant that the Prophet (s.a.) was hinting at his choice of the successor. Hazrat Ali (a.s.) himself referred to the incident while making claim of the Caliphate at the meeting of the Shura. He said:

“Is there anyone amongst you who was entrusted with the task of propagating the Surat al Bara-at and the Prophet (s.a.) had told him that anyone other than the prophet (s.a.) and ME could do the task.”

Ref: Shara ibne Abil Hadeed, Vol 2,Page 61

If claim is made for Hazrat abu Bakr siting his Imamat of the prayer, wouldn’t they have used the incident of the Surat al Bara-at as another strong proof to claim the Caliphate for him! Then why they don’t accept this as a proof for the claim of Hazrat Ali (a.s.) for the caliphate?his return, the Prophet (s.a.) was over joyed. He went out of the city with his companions and welcomed Hazrat Ali (s.a.).

For this task removing one emissary and appointing another was not the personal decision of the Prophet (s.a.) but it was in compliance to a Revelation from Allah. All the Commands of Allah have always a definite purpose behind them. The purpose behind the change must have been the need to highlight the importance and the superiority of the person entrusted with the job! Therefore, if from the beginning Hazrat Ali (a.s) was deputed, it would have been considered a matter of routine. Detailing an important person and withdrawing him midway to send Hazrat Ali (a.s.) highlighted the importance of the task and the eminence of the person who replaced the earlier emissary! Then the announcement that the replacement was at the Command of Allah gave the act more eminence! It is a matter of conjecture that a person whom Allah didn’t deem fit to to propagate a couple of Verses of the Quran to the people of Makka, was elevated to the caliphate after the demise of the Prophet (s.a.)! It is a pity that some people took shelter behind the excuse of public opinion and installed a person to caliphate and sending the candidate into oblivion who was most deserving of the position. The Commentator of the Quran, Ibne Abbas, too mentions about this incident to prove Hazrat Ali (a.s.)’s right to caliphate. He says:

“By Allah! The Prophet (s.a.) had thought only him suitable to recite the Verses of Surat al Bara-at to the people of Makka.” Ref: Kanz al Amaal, Vol 6, Page 391

Ibne Abbas arguing about the Right to caliphate referring to the incident about the Recitation of the Surat al Bara-at meant that the Prophet (s.a.) was hinting at his choice of the successor. Hazrat Ali (a.s.) himself referred to the incident while making claim of the Caliphate at the meeting of the Shura. He said:

“Is there anyone amongst you who was entrusted with the task of propagating the Surat al Bara-at and the Prophet (s.a.) had told him that anyone other than the prophet (s.a.) and ME could do the task.”

Ref: Shara ibne Abil Hadeed, Vol 2,Page 61

If claim is made for Hazrat abu Bakr siting his Imamat of the prayer, wouldn’t they have used the incident of the Surat al Bara-at as another strong proof to claim the Caliphate for him! Then why they don’t accept this as a proof for the claim of Hazrat Ali (a.s.) for the caliphate?

नादिरशाह काबुली के शिष्य होने की घटना

हाजी अवघट शाह वारसी लिखते हैं कि एक दिन हम लोग सरकार वारिस पाक की सेवा में उपस्थित थे। एक काबुली नादिर शाह नामक उपस्थित हुए। हुजूर को देखते ही दौड़कर हुजूर से लिपट गये । यद्यपि हम लोगों को अच्छा न लगा किन्तु हुजूर की मिलनसारी से हम लोग परिचित थे, चुप हो गये। उन्होंने अपनी भाषा में कुछ कहा और हुजूर ने उसी भाषा में उत्तर दिया। हम लोग कुछ न समझ सके। इसके पश्चात् वह बाहर आए और हम लोगों के साथ बैठ गये। उन्होंने बताया कि मेरा मकान सरहद काबुल में अली मस्जिद में है। मेरा नाम नादिर शाह है। हम ईश्वर से प्रार्थना करते थे कि मुझे किसी प्रकार महामना अली मुर्तुजा शेरे खुदा का कोई उत्तराधिकारी इस समय है अथवा नहीं और यदि है तो पता कैसे लगेगा? इसी विचार में संसार की बातें भूल गई या अली, या अली की रट लगाता रहता था। एक दिन रात को मैंने स्वप्न में देखा कि दो बुजुर्ग मस्जिद में आये और एक ने दूसरे की ओर संकेत करते हुए कहा कि ये मेरे उत्तराधिकारी हैं। जब मेरी निद्रा भंग हुई तो मैं पागलों जैसा हो गया। जिन बुजुर्ग की ओर महामना अली मुर्तुजा ने संकेत किया था उनका वस्त्र मैं पहचानता था। बड़ी मस्जिद देहली के द्वार पर जुमा पढ़ने के पश्चात् खड़े होकर देखने लगा। उसी लिबास में मुझे एक फकीर दिखाई पडे। बड़ी अभिलाषा सहित मैंने उनसे भेंट किया और पूछा यह वस्त्र आपको कहाँ से मिला है? आपका क्या नाम है? उन्होंने मासूम शाह अपना नाम बताया और मुझे देवा शरीफ, जिला- बाराबंकी का पता दिया। मुझे बड़ी प्रसन्नता हुई और देवा शरीफ उपस्थित हुआ । हाजी साहब को मैंने देखते ही पहचान लिया और शिष्य हो गया। उर्दू, फारसी भाषा की वंशावली माँगा । आनन्दपूर्वक कहने लगे, लोग मेरे विचार का परिहास करते थे। कहते भी थे कि इस जमाने में ऐसा कौन है ? अब मैं उनसे मिलूँगा तो कहूंगा तथा वंशावली दिखाऊंगा कि मैं अपनी इच्छा में सफल हुआ। शिष्य बनने के पश्चात् उन्होंने फकीरी वस्त्र चाहा, किन्तु हुजूर ने कहा, ‘इस समय तुम अपने मकान पर जाओ, तीन वर्ष बाद फकीर बनाये जाओगे। सावधान ! किसी के सामने मांगने के लिए हाथ न फैलाना। तीन वर्ष पश्चात् जब पुनः काबुली महोदय हाजी साहब की सेवा में उपस्थित हुए। हाजी साहब उस समय रूग्ण शैय्या पर थे। अपने शरीर त्याग के एक दिन पूर्व फकीरी वस्त्र प्रदान कर उनका नाम फकीर शाह रखा और आदेश दिया ‘यहाँ से अभी चले जाओ ।’ उसी रात के अन्तिम भाग में चार बजे शरीर त्याग कर दिया। जिस समय यह समाचार फकीर शाह ने सुना तत्काल एक चीख मारा और अपनी आत्मा परमात्मा को सौंप दिया।

कल्लन शाह के शिष्य होने की घटना

हाजी अवघट शाह एक अर्जी (प्रार्थना पत्र) कल्लन शाह की नकल करते हैं जो निम्नांकित है
: इस अधम को घर से निकले हुए बीस वर्ष का समय बीत चुका है। घर-बार संसार सबसे स्वतन्त्र होकर जमालुद्दीन शाह साहब का शिष्य हुआ और नव वर्ष तक उनके आदेश का पालन करता रहा। पुनः शाह शरफुद्दीन बू अली कलन्दर के चौखट की सेवा करता रहा। वहाँ से हमको आदेश हुआ कि तुम मीरान साहब की सेवा करो। अब ये गरीब मीरान साहब के दरवाजे पर उपस्थित है तथा चिराग बत्ती करता है। फिर मीरान साहब के आदेशानुसार हमको हाजी साहब का शिष्य होना स्वीकार है। ईश्वर के लिए मेरी दशा पर दया करके इस तुच्छ को अपने शिष्यत्व में रखिये। जब हाजी साहब की सेवा में कल्लन शाह का प्रार्थना पत्र प्राप्त हुआ तो आप ने उसे स्वीकार कर सन्तोषजनक उत्तर दिया। तत्पश्चात् कल्लन शाह की दशा में जो परिवर्तन हुआ और जो पद प्राप्त किया, उसकी जानकारी करनाल निवासियों को भली-भांति ज्ञात है। –

अब्दुर्रहमान हया के शिष्य होने की घटना

हाजी अवघट शाह से एक प्रर्थना-पत्र नकल है जिसका सारांश इस प्रकार हैंबहुत दिनों से मेरी इच्छा थी कि मैं किसी ऐसे संत या बुजुर्ग से शिष्य होऊंगा जो मुझे अपने जैसा बना ले। ईश्वर का दर्शन प्रत्यक्ष करा दें। मैं साधारण रस्म व रिवाज के अनुसार शिष्य होना नहीं चाहता था। क्योंकि मैं सुन चुका था गुरू बनना सरल है किन्तु शिष्य होना कठिन है। एक सप्ताह हो रहा है ‘करिश्माए वारिस’ मेरे अध्ययन में थी और बेदम शाह ब्रह्म- ज्ञान से परिपूर्ण पद्य से यह ज्ञात हुआ- ‘ऐ सैख तूचीजे दीगरी (गुरू संसार से परे एक अन्य वस्तु है) । अतः आज रात मैंने स्वप्न में देखा एक मस्जिद में रसूले खुदा मु० मुस्तफा सल्ल० विद्यमान हैं और बहुत से औलिया अल्लाह भी सम्मिलित हैं। दोनों नवासे हसन और हुसेन भी विराजमान हैं। सरदारे दो आलम कहते हैं ‘ऐ अब्दुर्रहमान! तुम धन्य हो। हम तुझे प्यार करते हैं किन्तु बिना माध्यम के मुझ तक पहुँचना ठीक नहीं है। ये कथन सुनकर सुल्तानुल हिन्द ख्वाजा चिश्ती ने महबूबे इलाही निजामुद्दीन रह० से कुछ संकेत किया और हूजूर महबूबे इलाही ने मेरा हाथ पकड़कर हुजूर हाजी वारिस पाक के पुनीत हाथ में दे दिया। आपने खुशी से मुझे स्वीकार किया। शिष्य कर महबूब शाह पदवी रखा तत्पश्चात् मेरी निद्रा भंग हो गयी और आँख खुल गई। देखा नमाज़ का प्रथम समय था। मैंने इस स्वप्न को दुर्लभ निधि जाना। केवल हाजी साहब के अतिरिक्त अन्य किसी से नहीं कहा। इससे विदित होता है कि बहुत से लोग रसूले खुदा और अली-ए-मुर्तुजा के रूहानी (आत्मिक) प्रेरणा से आकर शिष्य होते थे। दूसरे प्रकार की घटनायें जो अपने ढंग में अद्वितीय हैं जो सरकार वारिस पाक की उच्च आत्म शक्ति की द्योतक हैं।

बू-ए-करबला

एक रोज़ हज़रत इमाम हुसैन रज़ियल्लाहु तआला अन्हु हुजूर सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम की गोद में तशरीफ़ फ्रमा थे। हज़रत उम्मे फज़्ल भी पास बैठीं। उम्मे फज़्ल ने हुजूर सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम की तरफ देखा कि आपकी दोनों चश्माने मुबारक से आंसू बह रहे थे। उम्मे फज़्ल ने अर्ज़ किया या रसूलल्लाह! यह आंसू कैसे हैं? तो हुजूर सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम ने फरमाया कि जिब्रईल ने मुझे ख़बर दी है कि मेरे इस बच्चे को मेरी उम्मत क़त्ल कर देगी। जिब्रईल ने मुझे उस सरज़मीन की जहां यह बच्चा शहीद होगा सुर्ख मिट्टी लाकर दी है।

हुजूर सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम ने इस मिट्टी को सूंघा और फ्रमायाः इस मिट्टी से मुझे बू-ए-करबला आती है फिर वह मिट्टी हुजूर सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम ने उम्मुल मोमिनीन हज़रत उम्मे सलमा रज़ियल्लाहु तआला अन्हा को दे दी और फ़रमायाः उम्मे सलमा इस मिट्टी को अपने पास रखो जब यह मिट्टी ख़ून बन जाये तो समझ लेना मेरा बेटा शहीद हो गया। हज़रत उम्मे सलमा रज़ियल्लाहु तआला अन्हा ने उस मिट्टी को एक शीशी में बंद कर लिया। फिर जिस दिन हज़रत इमाम हुसैन रज़ियल्लाहु तआला अन्हु करबला में शहीद हुए उसी रोज़ यह मिट्टी बंद शीशी में ख़ून बन गयी।
(मिश्कात शरीफ़ सफ़ा ५६४, हुज्जतुल्लाहु अलल-आलमीन सफा ४७७)

सबक: हमारे हुजूर सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम को अपने लख़्ते जिगर इमाम हुसैन रज़ियल्लाहु तआला अन्हु की शहादत का इल्म था। उस सरज़मीन का भी जहां यह वाकिया होना था। उस सरजमीन का नाम भी मालूम था। आपसे कोई बात छुपी नहीं थी । हुजूर सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम को यह भी इल्म था कि हज़रत उम्मे सलमा रज़ियल्लाहु तआला अन्हा हज़रत इमाम हुसैन रज़ियल्लाहु ताअला अन्हु की शहादत के बाद तक जिन्दा रहेंगी। जभी तो आपने हज़रत उम्मे सलमा से फरमाया: इस मिट्टी को अपने पास रखो। जब यह ख़ून बन जाये तो समझ लेना कि मेरा बेटा शहीद हो गया। बावजूद इसके फिर भी अगर कोई हुजूर सल्लल्लाहु अलैहि वसल्लम के इल्म ग़ैब में शक करे तो गौर कर लीजिये कि वह किस कद्र जाहिल है।