*इस्लाम के दिए हुए मानव-अधिकारों में अहम चीज़ यह है कि औरत के शील और उसकी इज़्ज़त हर हाल में आदर के योग्य है, चाहे औरत अपनी क़ौम की हो, या दुमन क़ौम की, जंगल बियाबान में मिले या फ़तह किए हुए शहर में, हमारी अपने मज़हब की हो या दूसरे मज़हब की, या उसका कोई भी मज़हब हो मुसलमान किसी हाल में भी उस पर हाथ नहीं डाल सकता। उसके लिए बलात्कार (ज़िना) को हर हाल में हराम किया गया है चाहे यह कुकर्म किसी भी औरत से किया जाए।

# क़ुरआन के शब्द हैं:
‘‘ज़िना के क़रीब भी न फटको’’ – (17:32)

– और उसके साथ ही यह भी किया गया है कि इस काम की सज़ा मुक़र्रर कर दी गई। यह हुक्म किसी शर्त के साथ बंधा हुआ नहीं है। औरत के शील और इज़्ज़त पर हाथ डालना हर हालत में मना है और अगर कोई मुसलमान इस काम को करता है तो वह इसकी सज़ा से नहीं बच सकता, चाहे दुनिया में सज़ा पाए या परलोक में।

– औरत के सतीत्व के आदर की यह परिकल्पना इस्लाम के सिवा कहीं नहीं पायी जाती।
– पाश्चात्य फ़ौजों को तो अपने मुल्क में भी ‘‘काम वासना की पूर्ति’’ के लिए ख़ुद अपनी क़ौम की बेटियाँ चाहिए होती हैं। और ग़ैर क़ौम के देश पर उनका क़ब्ज़ा हो जाए तो उस देश की औरतों की जो दुर्गत होती है, वह किसी से छुपी हुई नहीं है।

*लेकिन मुसलमानों का इतिहास, व्यक्तिगत इन्सानी ग़लतियों के अपवाद (Exceptions) को छोड़कर इससे ख़ाली रही है कि किसी देश को फ़तह करने के बाद उनकी फ़ौजें हर तरफ़ आम बदकारी करती फिरी हों, या उनके अपने देश में हुकूमत ने उनके लिए बदकारियाँ करने का इन्तिज़ाम किया हो।
– यह भी एक बड़ी नेमत है जो मानव-जाति को इस्लाम की वजह से हासिल हुई है।

Al-Bara’ was one of the Ansar of the Prophet (s) and belonged originally to Banu Haritha tribe of Aws in Medina. He was said to have many teknonyms, among which Abu ‘Umara is the most famous.

He resided in the city of Kufa, and died – while having already lost his sight – in Kufa or Medina during the reign of Mus’ab b. al-Zubayr in Iraq.

Before the hijra of the Prophet (s) to Medina, al-Bara’, still in his early adolescent years, converted to Islam, and his father might have converted earlier.

He converted to Islam at a young age and fought beside the Prophet in fifteen battles, including the Battle of Khaybar, from which he reported hadith [2] In the year 24/645, during the caliphate of ‘Uthmān, he was made governor of al-Ray (in Persia). He eventually retired to Kūfā and there he died in the year 71/690.[3]

Al-Ya’qubi narrates that after the demise of the Prophet (s), al-Bara’ has reported to Banu Hashim the news of people’s giving allegiance to Abu Bakr in Saqifa Bani Sa’ida, and he himself was amongst those who refused to do so.

It is said that al-Bara’ b. ‘Azib was among those who pledged allegiance to Imam Ali (a). Although there is no narration indicating his participation in the battles during Imam Ali’s caliphate, but based on one narration, beside taking part in the Battles of Jamal, Siffin and Nahrawan, he was also appointed by Imam Ali (a) in the Battle of Nahrawan to undertaking the mission of turning the Kawarij to Imam Ali’s camp.

Al-Bara’ narrated some hadiths from the Prophet (s). Some of these narrations show how interested he was in the prophetic accounts, hadiths and life.

He is also regarded as one of the transmitter of hadith al-Ghadir.

Al-Bara’ has also narrated from some of the companions of the Prophet (s) and al-Sha’bi, ‘Udayy b. Thabit, Abu Ishaq al-Sabi’i, as well as two of his sons have narrated from him.

In his book al-Irshad, al-Shaykh al-Mufid narrates from Isma’il b. Ziyad, “One day Imam Ali (a) told al-Bara’ b. ‘Azib: ‘O al-Bara’! my son will be martyred and you won’t help him, although you’ll be alive on that day'”. After the Battle of Karbala, al-Bara’ said: “What Ali (a) had said was realized, because his son was martyred and I didn’t help him”. Then he regretted deeply for that.

Hadith Narrated By Al-Bara bin Azib

Narrated: Al-Bara bin Azib From Sahih Bukhari

Hadith No: 40
Narrated/Authority of Al-Bara bin Azib
Listed in: Belief

When the Prophet came to Medina, he stayed first with his grandfathers or maternal uncles from Ansar. He offered his prayers facing Baitul-Maqdis (Jerusalem) for sixteen or seventeen months, but he wished that he could pray facing the Ka’ba (at Mecca). The first prayer which he offered facing the Ka’ba was the ‘Asr prayer in the company of some people. Then one of those who had offered that prayer with him came out and passed by some people in a mosque who were bowing during their prayers (facing Jerusalem). He said addressing them, “By Allah, I testify that I have prayed with Allah’s Apostle facing Mecca (Ka’ba).’ Hearing that, those people changed their direction towards the Ka’ba immediately. Jews and the people of the scriptures used to be pleased to see the Prophet facing Jerusalem in prayers but when he changed his direction towards the Ka’ba, during the prayers, they disapproved of it. Al-Bara’ added, “Before we changed our direction towards the Ka’ba (Mecca) in prayers, some Muslims had died or had been killed and we did not know what to say about them (regarding their prayers.) Allah then revealed: And Allah would never make your faith (prayers) to be lost (i.e. the prayers of those Muslims were valid).’ ” (2:143).

Hadith No: 247
Narrated/Authority of Al-Bara bin Azib
Listed in: Ablutions (Wudu’)

The Prophet said to me, “Whenever you go to bed perform ablution like that for the prayer, lie or your right side and say, “Allahumma aslamtu wajhi ilaika, wa fauwadtu amri ilaika, wa alja’tu Zahri ilaika raghbatan wa rahbatan ilaika. La Malja’ wa la manja minka illa ilaika. Allahumma amantu bikitabika-l-ladhi anzalta wa bina-biyika-l ladhi arsalta” (O Allah! I surrender to You and entrust all my affairs to You and depend upon You for Your Blessings both with hope and fear of You. There is no fleeing from You, and there is no place of protection and safety except with You O Allah! I believe in Your Book (the Qur’an) which You have revealed and in Your Prophet (Muhammad) whom You have sent). Then if you die on that very night, you will die with faith (i.e. or the religion of Islam). Let the aforesaid words be your last utterance (before sleep).” I repeated it before the Prophet and when I reached “Allahumma amantu bikitabika-l-ladhi anzalta (O Allah I believe in Your Book which You have revealed).” I said, “Wa-rasulika (and your Apostle).” The Prophet said, “No, (but say): ‘Wanabiyika-l-ladhi arsalta (Your Prophet whom You have sent), instead.”

Hadith No: 775
Narrated/Authority of Al-Bara bin Azib
Listed in: Characteristics of Prayer

(and he was not a liar) We used to pray behind the Prophet and when he said, “Sami’ a-l-lahu Liman hamida”, none of us would bend his back (to go for prostration) till the Prophet had placed his, forehead on the ground.

Hadith No: 75
Narrated/Authority of Al-Bara bin Azib
Listed in: The Two Festivals (Eids)

The Prophet delivered the Khutba after offering the prayer on the Day of Nahr and said, “Whoever offers the prayer like us and slaughters like us then his Nusuk (sacrifice) will be accepted by Allah. And whoever slaughters his sacrifice before the Eid prayer then he has not done the sacrifice.” Abi Burda bin Niyar, the uncle of Al-Bara’ said, “O Allah’s Apostle! I have slaughtered my sheep before the Eid prayer and I thought today as a day of eating and drinking (not alcoholic drinks), and I liked that my sheep should be the first to be slaughtered in my house. So slaughtered my sheep and took my food before coming for the prayer.” The Prophet said, “The sheep which you have slaughtered is just mutton (not a Nusuk).” He (Abu Burda) said, “O Allah’s Apostle! I have a young she-goat which is dearer to me than two sheep. Will that be sufficient as a Nusuk on my behalf? “The Prophet (p.b.u.h) said, “Yes, it will be sufficient for you but it will not be sufficient (as a Nusuk) for anyone else after you.”

Hadith No: 82
Narrated/Authority of Al-Bara bin Azib
Listed in: The Two Festivals (Eids)

The Prophet (p.b.u.h) said, “The first thing that we should do on this day of ours is to pray and then return to slaughter the sacrifice. So anyone who does so, he acted according to our Sunna (tradition), and whoever slaughtered the sacrifice before the prayer, it was just meat which he presented to his family and would not be considered as Nusuk.” A person from the Ansar named Abu Burda bin Niyyar said, “O Allah’s Apostle! I slaughtered the Nusuk (before the prayer) but I have a young she-goat which is better than an older sheep.” The Prophet I said, “Sacrifice it in lieu of the first, but it will be not sufficient (as a sacrifice) for anybody else after you.”

Hadith No: 99
Narrated/Authority of Al-Bara bin Azib
Listed in: The Two Festivals (Eids)

On the day of Nahr Allah’s Apostle delivered the Khutba after the Eid prayer and said, “Anyone who prayed like us and slaughtered the sacrifice like we did then he acted according to our (Nusuk) tradition of sacrificing, and whoever slaughtered the sacrifice before the prayer, then that was just mutton (i.e. not sacrifice).” Abu Burda bin Naiyar stood up and said, “O Allah’s Apostle! By Allah, I slaughtered my sacrifice before I offered the (Eid) prayer and thought that today was the day of eating and drinking (non-alcoholic drinks) and so I made haste (in slaughtering) and ate and also fed my family and neighbours.” Allah’s Apostle said, “That was just mutton (not a sacrifice).” Then Abu Burda said, “I have a young she-goat and no doubt, it is better than two sheep. Will that be sufficient as a sacrifice for me?” The Prophet replied, “Yes. But it will not be sufficient for anyone else (as a sacrifice), after you.”

Hadith No: 331
Narrated/Authority of Al-Bara bin Azib
Listed in: Funerals (Al-Janaaiz)

Allah’s Apostle ordered us to do seven things and forbade us to do other seven. He ordered us: to follow the funeral procession. to visit the sick, to accept invitations, to help the oppressed, to fulfill the oaths, to return the greeting and to reply to the sneezer: (saying, “May Allah be merciful on you,” provided the sneezer says, “All the praises are for Allah,”). He forbade us to use silver utensils and dishes and to wear golden rings, silk (clothes), Dibaj (pure silk cloth), Qissi and Istabraq (two kinds of silk cloths).

Hadith No: 450
Narrated/Authority of Al-Bara bin Azib
Listed in: Funerals (Al-Janaaiz)

The Prophet (p.b.u.h) said, “When a faithful believer is made to sit in his grave, then (the angels) come to him and he testifies that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and Muhammad is Allah’s Apostle. And that corresponds to Allah’s statement: Allah will keep firm those who believe with the word that stands firm . . . (14.27).

Hadith No: 875
Narrated/Authority of Al-Bara bin Azib
Listed in: Peacemaking (Reconciliation)

When Allah’s Apostle (SAW) concluded a peace treaty with Al-Mushrikun (polytheists, idolators, pagans) at Al-Hudaibiya, Ali bin Abu Talib wrote the document and he mentioned in it, “Muhammad, Allah’s Apostle (SAW).” The Mushrikun said, “Don’t write: Muhammad, Allah’s Apostle (SAW)’, for if you were an apostle we would not fight with you.” Allah’s Apostle (SAW) asked Ali to rub it out, but Ali said, “I will not be the person to rub it out.” Allah’s Apostle (SAW) rubbed it out and made peace with them on the condition that the Prophet (SAW) and his companions would enter Makkah and stay there for three days, and that they would enter with their weapons in cases.

Hadith No: 877
Narrated/Authority of Al-Bara bin Azib
Listed in: Peacemaking (Reconciliation)

On the day of Hudaibiya, the Prophet (SAW) made a peace treaty with the Al-Mushrikun on three conditions: 1. The Prophet (SAW) would return to them any person from Al-Mushrikun (polytheists, idolators, pagans). 2. Al-Mushrikun pagans would not return any of the Muslims going to them, and 3. The Prophet (SAW) and his companions would come to Makkah the following year and would stay there for three days and would enter Makkah with their weapons in cases, e.g., swords, arrows, bows, etc. Abu Jandal came hopping, his legs being chained, but the Prophet (SAW) returned him to Al-Mushrikun.