अर-रहीकुल मख़्तूम  पार्ट 93 Hajjat-ul-Wida (10 Hijri)

 

Rasool Allah ﷺ ka Aakhri Hajj, Khutba-e-Hajjat-ul-Wida, Ghadeer-e-Khum, Ahl-e-Baytؑ aur Ummat ke liye Aakhri Hidayaat

Hajjat-ul-Wida Seerat-e-Nabawi ﷺ ka nihayat aham aur tareekhi marhala hai. Yeh 10 Hijri mein pesh aaya, jab Rasool Allah ﷺ ne apni zindagi ka aakhri Hajj ada farmaya.

Is Hajj ki ahmiyat sirf ibadat tak mehdood nahi thi. Is mauqe par Aap ﷺ ne insani huqooq, jaan-o-maal ki hurmat, auraton ke huqooq, musalmanon ki bahami zimmedari, Qur’an ki hidayat aur apne baad ummat ke liye aham usool bayan farmaye.

Isi safar mein Ghadeer-e-Khum ka waqia bhi pesh aaya, jo Hazrat Aliؑ ke maqam aur Hadith-e-Wilayat ke hawale se Islami tareekh ka ek nihayat aham mauzu hai.

Is baab mein hum waqiat ko tareekhi tartib se samjhenge aur Qur’an, Sahih Hadith aur mukhtalif Islami maktab-e-fikr ke hawalon ko alag alag wazeh karenge.

1. Hajjat-ul-Wida ka pas-e-manzar

8 Hijri mein Fath-e-Makkah ke baad Islam poore Arab mein tezi se phaila.

9 Hijri mein Aam-ul-Wufood ke dauran mukhtalif Arab qabail ke wafd Madinah aaye aur Islam qabool kiya.

10 Hijri tak Islam Arab ke wasee ilaqon mein phail chuka tha.

Rasool Allah ﷺ ne logon ko Hajj ki tayyari ka elan farmaya.

Is khabar par Madinah aur uske aas paas ke ilaqon se hazaron Musalman Aap ﷺ ke saath Hajj ke liye rawana hue.

Tareekhi maloomat:

• San: 10 Hijri

• Mahina: Zil-Qa’dah mein rawangi

• Hajj ke ahem ayaam: 8–13 Zil-Hijjah

• Maqam: Makkah, Mina, Arafat aur Muzdalifah

• Qafila: Taqreeban ek lakh se zyada afrad

Riwayaat mein Hajj mein shirkat karne walon ki tadaad ke bare mein ikhtilaf milta hai. Isliye ek lakh se zyada ka zikr mashhoor tareekhi andaza hai, qat’i census nahi.

2. Hajj ka safar aur Ihram

Rasool Allah ﷺ 25 Zil-Qa’dah 10 Hijri ke qareeb Madinah se rawana hue.

Aap ﷺ ke saath Azwaj-e-Mutahharat, Sahaba-e-Kiram aur bohot se Musalman the.

Aap ﷺ ne Miqat par ihram bandha aur Talbiyah padhna shuru farmaya:

لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ، لَبَّيْكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ، إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ وَالنِّعْمَةَ لَكَ وَالْمُلْكَ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ

Roman Urdu:

Labbaik Allahumma Labbaik, Labbaika la shareeka laka Labbaik. Innal hamda wan-ni’mata laka wal-mulk, la shareeka lak.

Tarjuma:

“Ae Allah! Main hazir hoon, main hazir hoon. Tera koi shareek nahi, main hazir hoon. Beshak tamam tareef, nemat aur badshahat Tere hi liye hai. Tera koi shareek nahi.”

Hawala: Sahih al-Bukhari, Kitab-ul-Hajj; Sahih Muslim, Kitab-ul-Hajj.

3. Makkah mein dakhla aur Hajj ke arkaan

Rasool Allah ﷺ Makkah pahunche aur Ka’bah ka tawaf farmaya.

Aap ﷺ ne Hajj ke arkaan aur manasik apne amal se ummat ko sikhaye.

Aap ﷺ ne farmaya:

خُذُوا عَنِّي مَنَاسِكَكُمْ

Roman Urdu:

Khuzu anni manasikakum.

Tarjuma:

“Apne Hajj ke tareeqe mujh se seekh lo.”

Hawala: Sahih Muslim 1297.

Is irshad ka matlab hai ke Hajj ke manasik ko Nabi ﷺ ke amal aur taleem ke mutabiq ada kiya jaye.

Rasool Allah ﷺ ne tawaf, sa’i, Arafat mein wuqoof, Muzdalifah mein qiyam aur Mina mein rami ke tareeqe ummat ko samjhaye.

4. 9 Zil-Hijjah: Maidan-e-Arafat aur azeem Khutba

9 Zil-Hijjah ko Rasool Allah ﷺ Arafat tashreef le gaye.

Yahan Aap ﷺ ne ek azeem khutba irshad farmaya jo Islami tareekh mein Khutba-e-Hajjat-ul-Wida ke naam se mashhoor hai.

Is khutbe mein insani jaan, maal aur izzat ki hurmat, jahiliyat ke khatme, auraton ke huqooq aur musalmanon ke aapas ke huqooq bayan hue.

Aap ﷺ ne khutbe ki ibtida Allah ki hamd-o-sana se farmayi.

5. Khutba-e-Hajjat-ul-Wida: Insani huqooq ka azeem elan

Rasool Allah ﷺ ne apne khutbe mein chand bunyadi usool bayan farmaye jo qayamat tak insaniyat ke liye rehnumai hain.

(A) Jaan, maal aur izzat ki hurmat

Aap ﷺ ne farmaya:

إِنَّ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ وَأَعْرَاضَكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ حَرَامٌ

Roman Urdu:

Inna dima’akum wa amwalakum wa a’radakum alaikum haram.

Tarjuma:

“Beshak tumhare khoon, tumhare maal aur tumhari izzatein ek doosre par haram hain.”

Aap ﷺ ne in huqooq ki hurmat ko us din, us mahine aur us muqaddas shehar ki hurmat ke barabar qarar diya.

Hawala: Sahih al-Bukhari 1739; Sahih Muslim 1679.

Is taleem ka matlab hai:

• Kisi begunah insan ka qatl jaiz nahi.

• Kisi ka maal na-haq lena haram hai.

• Kisi ki izzat aur aabru ko nuqsan pahunchana mana hai.

• Musalmanon ko ek doosre ke huqooq ka khayal rakhna chahiye.

(B) Jahiliyat ke nizaam ka khatma

Rasool Allah ﷺ ne jahiliyat ke daur ke khooni badlon aur soodi muamlaat ko khatam karne ka elan farmaya.

Aap ﷺ ne sab se pehle apne khandan ka purana khooni badla khatam karne ka elan kiya.

Is se Aap ﷺ ne yeh sabaq diya ke insaf ka aaghaz apne ghar aur apne khandan se hona chahiye.

Hawala: Sahih Muslim 1218; Khutba-e-Hajjat-ul-Wida ki riwayat.

(C) Auraton ke huqooq

Aap ﷺ ne farmaya:

فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ فِي النِّسَاءِ

Roman Urdu:

Fattaqullaha fin-nisa.

Tarjuma:

“Auraton ke maamle mein Allah se darte raho.”

Aap ﷺ ne shoharon ko auraton ke huqooq ada karne, unke saath achha sulook karne aur unki zimmedariyan samajhne ki talqeen farmayi.

Aap ﷺ ne yeh bhi wazeh kiya ke miyan-biwi dono ke ek doosre par huqooq aur zimmedariyan hain.

Hawala: Sahih Muslim 1218.

(D) Nasli aur qabaili bartari ka khatma

Islam ne rang, nasl, zaban aur qabeele ki bunyaad par takabbur ko rad kiya.

Quran mein Allah Ta’ala farmata hai:

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُم مِّن ذَكَرٍ وَأُنثَىٰ وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَائِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوا ۚ إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِندَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ

Roman Urdu tarjuma:

Ae logo! Humne tumhein ek mard aur ek aurat se paida kiya aur tumhein mukhtalif qaumon aur qabail mein banaya taa-ke tum ek doosre ko pehchano. Beshak Allah ke nazdeek tum mein sab se zyada izzat wala woh hai jo sab se zyada muttaqi hai.

(Surah Al-Hujurat 49:13)

Is ayat ka bunyadi paigham yeh hai ke Allah ke nazdeek fazilat ka mayar nasab ya daulat nahi, balke taqwa hai.

6. Arafat mein Ayat-e-Ikmal-e-Deen ka nazool

Hajjat-ul-Wida ka ek nihayat aham waqia Quran ki is ayat ka nazool hai.

Allah Ta’ala farmata hai:

الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا

Roman Urdu:

Al-yawma akmaltu lakum deenakum wa atmamtu alaikum ni’mati wa razeetu lakumul-Islama deena.

Tarjuma:

“Aaj Maine tumhare liye tumhara deen mukammal kar diya, tum par apni nemat poori kar di aur tumhare liye Islam ko deen ke taur par pasand kar liya.”

(Surah Al-Ma’idah 5:3)

Yeh ayat kab nazil hui?

Is hawale se Sahih al-Bukhari mein Hazrat Umar ibn al-Khattabؓ ki riwayat maujood hai.

Ek Yahudi ne Hazrat Umarؓ se kaha ke agar yeh ayat un par nazil hoti to woh us din ko Eid qarar dete.

Hazrat Umarؓ ne jawab diya ke mujhe maloom hai ke yeh ayat kis din nazil hui thi: Jumu’ah ke din, jab Rasool Allah ﷺ Arafat mein maujood the.

Hawala: Sahih al-Bukhari 45 aur 7268; Sahih Muslim 3017.

Shia tafseer ka mauqif

Shia ulama is ayat ko Ghadeer-e-Khum ke waqiye aur Hazrat Aliؑ ki wilayat ke elan ke saath bhi jorte hain.

Unke nazdeek deen ki takmeel ka ek aham pehlu Rasool Allah ﷺ ke baad rehnumai aur Imamat ka nizam wazeh karna tha.

Yahan ek zaroori tareekhi farq samajhna chahiye:

• Sahih Bukhari ki riwayat ayat 5:3 ke Arafat mein Jumu’ah ke din nazil hone ki tasdeeq karti hai.

• Shia riwayat aur tafseer Ghadeer ke mauqe par deen ki takmeel aur wilayat ke elan ko khaas ahmiyat deti hain.

Dono maktab-e-fikr ke nazariyat ko samajhne ke liye unke daleel aur riwayat ko alag alag dekhna zaroori hai.

7. Ghadeer-e-Khum ka waqia (18 Zil-Hijjah 10 Hijri)

Makkah aur Madinah ke darmiyan ek maqam hai jise Ghadeer-e-Khum kaha jata hai. Yeh Juhfah ke qareeb ek maqam tha jahan mukhtalif raaste milte the.

18 Zil-Hijjah ko Rasool Allah ﷺ yahan thehre aur logon ko jama kiya.

Is waqiye ka talluq Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talibؑ ke fazail aur maqam se hai.

7.1 Ghadeer ka elan

Rasool Allah ﷺ ne farmaya:

مَنْ كُنْتُ مَوْلَاهُ فَعَلِيٌّ مَوْلَاهُ

Roman Urdu:

Man kuntu mawlahu fa Aliyyun mawlahu.

Tarjuma:

“Jis jis ka main Mawla hoon, Ali bhi uske Mawla hain.”

Yeh Hadith Jami’ al-Tirmidhi mein Hazrat Zaid ibn Arqamؓ ya Hazrat Abu Sarihahؓ ki riwayat se aayi hai.

Imam Tirmidhi ne is riwayat ko Hasan Gharib kaha hai; Darussalam ki tahqiq mein ise Sahih grade diya gaya hai.

Hawala: Jami’ al-Tirmidhi 3713.

7.2 Mawla ka kya matlab hai?

Arabic lafz Mawla ke mukhtalif ma’ani ho sakte hain, masalan:

• Dost

• Madadgar

• Sarparast

• Qareebi wali

• Wali-e-amr ya authority rakhne wala

Shia nazariya: Shia ulama ke nazdeek is mauqe par Mawla ka matlab sirf dost nahi, balke Hazrat Aliؑ ki wilayat aur Rasool Allah ﷺ ke baad unki Imamat ka elan hai.

Sunni nazariya: Aksar Sunni ulama is Hadith ko Hazrat Aliؓ ki muhabbat, nusrat aur azeem fazilat ke bayan ke taur par samajhte hain. Unke nazdeek yeh Hadith apne aap mein siyasi khilafat ki wazeh ta’yin nahi karti.

Lekin dono taraf is baat ko tasleem kiya jata hai ke Hadith-e-Ghadeer Hazrat Aliؑ ke fazail ke hawale se ek aham riwayat hai.

7.3 Ghadeer ke waqiye ki tareekhi ahmiyat

Ghadeer-e-Khum ko samajhne ke liye teen cheezen alag rakhni chahiye:

1. Rasool Allah ﷺ ka Ghadeer mein khutba dena.

2. Hazrat Aliؑ ke bare mein Mawla ka elan.

3. Is elan se Imamat aur khilafat ka kya ma’na nikalta hai.

Pehle do nuqaat Hadith literature mein riwayat hue hain. Teesre nuqte ki tafseer mein Sunni aur Shia ulama ke darmiyan ikhtilaf hai.

8. Hadith-e-Saqlain: Qur’an aur Ahl-e-Baytؑ

Hajjat-ul-Wida ke baad Ghadeer-e-Khum ke maqam par Rasool Allah ﷺ ke ek aur aham irshad ka zikr Sahih Muslim mein Hazrat Zaid ibn Arqamؓ ki riwayat se milta hai.

Aap ﷺ ne farmaya:

أَلَا وَإِنِّي تَارِكٌ فِيكُمْ ثَقَلَيْنِ أَوَّلُهُمَا كِتَابُ اللَّهِ فِيهِ الْهُدَى وَالنُّورُ فَخُذُوا بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَاسْتَمْسِكُوا بِهِ وَأَهْلَ بَيْتِي أُذَكِّرُكُمُ اللَّهَ فِي أَهْلِ بَيْتِي

Roman Urdu:

Ala wa inni tarikun feekum saqalayn, awwaluhuma Kitabullah, feehi al-huda wan-noor, fakhuzu bi Kitabillah wastamsiku bih, wa Ahla Bayti, uzakkirukumullaha fi Ahli Bayti.

Tarjuma:

“Aagah ho jao! Main tumhare darmiyan do azeem cheezen chhode ja raha hoon. Un mein pehli Allah ki Kitab hai, jis mein hidayat aur noor hai. Allah ki Kitab ko mazbooti se pakadna. Aur mere Ahl-e-Bayt; main tumhein apne Ahl-e-Bayt ke bare mein Allah yaad dilata hoon.”

Hawala: Sahih Muslim 2408a–d.

8.1 Hadith-e-Saqlain ki tashreeh

Is Hadith mein do aham hidayaat hain:

Pehli: Qur’an se mazboot talluq

Qur’an Allah ki Kitab hai aur hidayat ka bunyadi zariya hai.

Doosri: Ahl-e-Baytؑ ke huqooq ka khayal

Rasool Allah ﷺ ne apne Ahl-e-Bayt ke huqooq aur unke saath achhe sulook ki khaas takeed farmayi.

Sahih Muslim ki isi riwayat mein Hazrat Zaid ibn Arqamؓ se Ahl-e-Bayt ke bare mein sawal kiya gaya. Unhon ne apni riwayat ke context mein un gharanon ka zikr kiya jin par sadaqah haram hai: Aal-e-Ali, Aal-e-Aqil, Aal-e-Ja’far aur Aal-e-Abbas.

Yeh wazahat bhi zaroori hai ke Hadith-e-Saqlain ke mukhtalif alfaaz mukhtalif kutub mein milte hain. Sahih Muslim ke matn mein Qur’an aur Ahl-e-Bayt ki naseehat maujood hai; kuch doosri riwayaat mein Qur’an aur Sunnat ka zikr bhi aata hai.

8.2 Qur’an mein Ahl-e-Baytؑ ka maqam

Allah Ta’ala farmata hai:

إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا

Roman Urdu:

Innama yureedullahu liyuzhiba ankumur-rijsa Ahlal-Bayti wa yutahhirakum tatheera.

Tarjuma:

“Allah to bas yeh chahta hai ke Ae Ahl-e-Bayt! Tum se har tarah ki napaki door kar de aur tumhein khoob paak-o-pakiza kar de.”

(Surah Al-Ahzab 33:33)

Hawala-e-Hadith: Sahih Muslim 2424, Hadith-e-Kisa ke hawale se Hazrat Aishaؓ ki riwayat.

Is riwayat mein Nabi ﷺ ne Hazrat Hasanؑ, Hazrat Husainؑ, Hazrat Fatimahؑ aur Hazrat Aliؑ ko apni chadar ke neeche jama farmaya.

Yeh Ahl-e-Baytؑ ke fazail ke silsile mein ek bunyadi Hadith hai.

9. Ghadeer-e-Khum aur Qur’an ki Ayat-e-Tabligh

Shia tafseer aur riwayaat mein Ghadeer ke waqiye ke saath Surah Al-Ma’idah ki ayat 67 ko bhi khaas taur par jora jata hai.

Allah Ta’ala farmata hai:

يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ مَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ وَإِن لَّمْ تَفْعَلْ فَمَا بَلَّغْتَ رِسَالَتَهُ وَاللَّهُ يَعْصِمُكَ مِنَ النَّاسِ

Roman Urdu:

Ya ayyuhar-Rasoolu balligh ma unzila ilaika mir-Rabbika wa in lam taf’al fama ballaghta risalatahu wallahu ya’simuka minan-naas.

Tarjuma:

“Ae Rasool! Jo kuch aapke Rab ki taraf se aap par nazil kiya gaya hai, use pahuncha dijiye. Aur agar aapne aisa na kiya to goya aapne Uska paigham nahi pahunchaaya. Allah aapko logon se mehfooz rakhega.”

(Surah Al-Ma’idah 5:67)

Shia mauqif: Shia mufassireen is ayat ko Ghadeer-e-Khum mein Hazrat Aliؑ ki wilayat ke elan se jorte hain.

Sunni mauqif: Sunni mufassireen aam taur par is ayat ko Rasool Allah ﷺ ko poora paigham pahunchaane aur Allah ki hifazat ki basharat ke taur par samajhte hain. Is ayat ka Ghadeer ke saath khaas talluq Sunni tafseer mein muttفق alaih nahi hai.

Isliye ayat aur Ghadeer ki riwayat ko padhte waqt Quran ke matn, Hadith ki sanad aur mufassireen ki tashreeh mein farq rakhna zaroori hai.

10. Hajj ke baad Madinah wapsi

Hajjat-ul-Wida ke tamam arkaan ada karne ke baad Rasool Allah ﷺ Madinah wapas tashreef le gaye.

Aap ﷺ ne ummat ko Hajj ke tareeqe, ibadat ke usool aur insani huqooq ki aham taleemat de di thin.

Is safar ke baad Aap ﷺ ki zindagi ka aakhri marhala shuru hua.

Yeh Hajj is liye bhi yaadgar hai ke Aap ﷺ ne apni ummat ko deen ki bunyadi taleemat par mazbooti se qayam rehne ki hidayat di.

11. Rasool Allah ﷺ ki aakhri hidayaat

Hajjat-ul-Wida ke khutbe aur Aap ﷺ ki doosri sahih riwayaat ko mila kar chand bunyadi hidayaat samne aati hain.

1. Qur’an ki pairwi

Allah ki Kitab ko hidayat ka bunyadi zariya samajhna.

2. Ahl-e-Baytؑ ka ehtiram

Rasool Allah ﷺ ke gharane ke huqooq ka khayal rakhna.

3. Namaz ki pabandi

Namaz ko zindagi ka bunyadi hissa banana.

4. Kamzoron ke huqooq

Yateemon, ghareebon, auraton aur zaruratmandon ke saath insaf karna.

5. Musalmanon ke darmiyan ittehad

Ek doosre ke khoon, maal aur izzat ki hifazat karna.

6. Amanat aur zimmedari

Har shakhs ko apni zimmedari imandari se ada karni chahiye.

7. Deen ki taleem ko aage pahunchana

Jo shakhs kisi sahih deeni taleem ko samjhe, woh use doosron tak pahunchaye.

12. Hajjat-ul-Wida ke aham Quranic aur Hadith references

Asal kutub aur online references

13. Hajjat-ul-Wida ki tareekhi ahmiyat

Hajjat-ul-Wida Islami tareekh ka ek aisa waqia hai jismein ibadat, insani huqooq, akhlaq, siyasi rehnumai aur Ahl-e-Baytؑ ke maqam se mutalliq aham taleemat milti hain.

Is waqiye se chand bunyadi nataij samne aate hain:

1. Rasool Allah ﷺ ne Hajj ke tamam bunyadi arkaan apne amal se sikhaye.

2. Insani jaan, maal aur izzat ki hurmat ko wazeh kiya.

3. Auraton ke huqooq aur unke saath husn-e-sulook ki takeed farmayi.

4. Nasli aur qabaili tafreeq ko rad kiya.

5. Hazrat Aliؑ ke fazail ke silsile mein Hadith-e-Ghadeer riwayat hui.

6. Ahl-e-Baytؑ ke huqooq aur unke ehtiram ki takeed Hadith-e-Saqlain mein hui.

7. Ummat ko Allah ki Kitab aur Nabi ﷺ ki taleemat se wabasta rehne ki hidayat mili.