Hadhrat Ibn Abbas reported that Hadhrat Umar said, “Take us to the land of our people” Hence we all headed out. Ubbay Ibn Ka’ab and I were behind all the people, when a cloud came up very quickly. Hadhrat Ubbay said “Oh Allah remove this inconvenience of this cloud from us”. When we met up with our parties we found that they had been soaked by the rain. Hadhrat Umar asked us, “Didn’t the rain effect you that affected us?” I said “Abu Munzir prayed to Allah to turn it away from us”. Hadhrat Umar said, “why didn’t you include us also in your prayer?” (Hayatus Sahabah)
The most widely held belief about the origin of Adam has been that God created him from non-existence by His Will, using the earth materials. This did not involve the biological processes of evolution or reproduction. God created Man and Woman from clay in the form and shape, the way they are today. Any belief or controversy to the contrary is only speculation.
Different peoples in the world have stories concerning the origin of Man, which point towards the spontaneous arrival of the patriarch with his family.
The Hindus believe that man’s original parents were Mahadev and Parwati and that they looked like human beings but were the image of Parmishwar (God Himself). The Jews and the Christians also believe that God created Adam in His own image.
Most people believe that God has no physical form. Consequently then how could He create Man in His own image? This riddle was solved by the last Prophet of Islam when he said, “God had created Adam with His quality, not His form.” God can be recognised by His qualities alone. So the saying of the Prophet makes it clear that the image of God refers to His qualities.
The Prophet further said, “Adopt the qualities of God.” This becomes clear from the Qur’an where God says that He created Adam on this earth as His representative. A representative follows orders. Only the one who can execute the orders properly can be a true representative or vicegerent; otherwise there would be errors. Thus, according to the Prophet, assuming the responsibilities of a worthy representative requires the acquisition of the conduct of the master. This, then is what is meant by “God created Man in His image.”
Adam, the caliph of God
When God desired to create Adam, He addressed the angels and said that He was going to create Man and appoint him as His representative on earth. As soon as the creation was accomplished and He had bestowed Adam with His spirit. He told them to bow down in obedience to Adam. The angels, who considered themselves to be superior to Adam on account of their closeness to the Creator Himself, were surprised at this instruction to bow down in obedience to a creature that was moulded from earth materials. They said to God. “You are appointing a being as your vicegerent who would bring unrest and bloodshed on earth, whereas we, who have been immersed in your worship are more deserving to receive this honour”. God said to them that what was known to Him could not
be in their knowledge and that Adam was specifically suited the position according to which He had designed the earth. He offered them a chance to compete in an open contest of knowledge and wisdom with Adam. The angels failed in the contest and Adam emerged superior to them in knowledge and wisdom. All of them except Satan (Iblees) obeyed God’s commandment and bowed down in obedience to Adam.
Satan (Iblis) & Adam
It is said that before the creation of Adam, the earth was inhabited by wizards (Jinns), a creation from the elements of fire. They were mutually disruptive and indulged in senseless. bloodshed. The angels had referred to their mischief. Satan was also a wizard (Jinn). He was knowledgeable about matters of the earth. By virtue of his devotion and service to God, he had secured a high position in the Celestial existence. Satan had started living with the angels. When God ordered all of them to prostrate before Adam, he refused. When asked why he had refused the divine order, he said that he was superior to Adam on several counts. Firstly, his creation came from finer elements. Secondly, he had been in proximity to the Creator in direct. servitude. He had vast work experience on the earth where the novice Adam was being sent as a representative. He contended that this was his coveted position and should have been given to him instead of an undeserving novice.
God rebuked and down graded Satan for his disobedience and told him to immediately remove himself from His divine presence and his eternal abode would be reserved in hell inferno. Satan said that Man was a poor choice for such an important position. He said that he would take every opportunity to haul all mankinds with him to hell. He would like to be granted eternal opportunity to test and tempt this representative and prove that Man may not be such a worthy caliph (khaleepha).
God said that only He commands eternity, but He would give him his desired opportunity to the Time known only to Himself. He said that His obedient servants would remain steadfast in all his tough tests and temptations throughout Time and prove that He created a wise and knowledgeable caliph on earth.
God warned Adam about the evil designs of Satan against him and his progeny throughout Time. But He also assured that those who remain firm in their faith on Truth shall be victorious and will return to Him on the Day of Judgement for a Life of Contentment in close proximity to the Creator.
The Garden of Eden
God brought Adam to the Garden of Eden and gave him education towards carrying out the intended functions of caliph on Earth. God created Eve from the substance of Adam as his partner in life and gave them total freedom to enjoy the benevolence of the Provider and Sustainer of Life with prohibition only for a particular tree. The two were not even to go near the tree, let alone to taste its fruit.
Satan saw his opportunity to tempt Adam and Eve and provoke their curiosity to get closer to the prohibited tree and taste its fruit. As soon as they had done what had been prohibited by the Lord, the Innocence of the Garden of Eden changed to the reality of Life. They heard me voice of their Lord calling. He reminded them of the prohibition He had imposed, which they had clearly transgressed. He reminded them of the open animosity of Satan towards them. They were to leave the Garden of Eden and make their abode on the Earth till the end of a period of Time known only to Him. The Almighty said,” There you will procreate of your kind in numbers and will colonise the land provided and eat and drink from what you will procure from the bounties of your Lord. This is where you will spend your lives and die and be raised on the Day of Judgement after your conduct on the Earth. Beware of the damaging evil counsel of Satan who will continue to attempt rift between brethren, disrupt your lives, cause death and destruction on Earth through those who will listen to him.” Both Adam and Eve felt sorry for what they had done and begged for their forgiveness. God reminded them of their role in Life and said that they will return to Him once again to enjoy His bounties in paradise after successfully completing the mission on the earth. Thus Adam descended to the earth as a representative of God.
The Life and Progeny of Adam
At the beginning, Adam had two sons from Eve named Abel (Habeel) and Cane (Qabeel) followed by Sheeth and many others. It is said that Adam lived for almost 930 years.
References: The Qur’an: Surah Baqarah, Maidah, A’araf, Hajj, Bani Israel, Kahaf, Taha, Saba’a, Yaseen, Jinn and Hajrat.
अल्लामा अब्दुर्रहमान जामी तहरीर फ़रमाते हैं कि जिस ज़माने में हज़रत इमाम अली नक़ी (अ.स.) नज़र बन्दी की जि़न्दगी बसर कर रहे थे। मुतावक्किल के बैठने की जगह कमर के नीचे जिसम के पिछले हिस्से में एक ज़बर दस्त ज़हरीला फोड़ा निकल आया। हर चन्द कोशिश की गई मगर किसी सूरत से शिफ़ा की उम्मीद न हुई। जब जान ख़तरे में पड़ गई तो मुतावक्किल की मां ने मन्नत मान ली कि अगर मुतावक्किल अच्छा हो गया तो इब्ने रज़ा की खिदमत में मैं माले कसीर नज़र करूंगी और फ़तह बिन ख़क़ान ने मुतावक्किल से दरख्वास्त की कि अगर आपका हुक्म हो तो मैं मर्ज़ की कैफि़यत अबुल हसन से बयान कर के कोई दवा तजवीज़ करवा लाऊं। मुतावक्किल ने इजाज़त दी और इब्ने ख़क़ान हज़रत की खिदमत में हाजि़र हुए। उन्होंने साना वाकि़या बयान कर के दवा की तजवीज़ चाही , हज़रत इमाम अली नक़ी (अ.स.) ने फ़रमाया , कस्बे ग़नम बकरी की मेंगनियां लेकर गुलाब के अरक़ में हल कर के लगा दो , इन्शा अल्लाह ठीक हो जाऐगा। वज़ीर फ़तह इब्ने ख़ाक़ान ने दरबार में हज़रत इमाम अली नक़ी (अ.स.) की तजवीज़ पेश की लोग हंस पड़े और कहने लगे इमाम होकर क्या दवा तजवीज़ फ़रमाई है। वज़ीर ने कहा ऐ ख़लीफ़ा तजरूबे में क्या हर्ज है। अगर हुक्म हो तो मैं इन्तेज़ाम करूं। ख़लीफ़ा ने हुक्म दिया , दवा लगाई गई , मुतावक्किल की आंख खुल गई और रात भर सोया तीन दिन के अन्दर शिफ़ाए कामिल हो जाने के बाद मां ने दस हज़ार अशरफ़ी की सर ब मुहर थैली हज़रत इमाम अली नक़ी (अ.स.) की खि़दमत में भिजवा दी।
(शवाहेदुन नबूअत सफ़ा 207 आलामु वुरा सफ़ा 208 )
हज़रत इमाम अली नक़ी (अ.स.) की दोबारा ख़ाना तलाशी
दरन्दिों की जुब्बा साई और मुतावक्किल के इलाज में इमाम (अ.स.) की शानदार कामयाबी ने दुश्मनों के दिलों में हसद की लगी हुई आग को और भड़का दिया जिसका नतीजा यह हुआ कि जान आप ही के इलाज से बची थी वह ममनूने एहसान होने के बजाए इमाम के दरपए आज़ार हो कर खुल्लम खुल्ला उन्हें सताने की तरफ़ ख़ुसूसी तौर पर मुतावज्जा हो गया।
मुल्ला जामी अलेहिर्रहमा का बयान है कि वाक़ए सेहत के चन्द ही दिनों बाद लोगों ने मुतावक्किल से चुग़ल खाई और कहा कि हज़रत इमाम अली नक़ी (अ.स.) के घर में असलाह जंग जमा हैं और अन क़रीब अपने जमातियों के बल बूते पर तेरी हुकूमत का तख़्ता उलट देगें और हाकिमें वक़्त बन कर तेरे किये का बदला लेगें। मुतावक्किल जो पहले से आले मौहम्मद स. का शदीद दुश्मन था लोगों के कहने से फिर भड़क उठा और उसने सईद को बुला कर हुक्म दिया कि जिनकी नज़र बन्दी में इस वक़्त आप थे, मुतावक्किल ने हुक्म दिया कि तू आधी रात को दफ़तन ‘‘इमाम के मकान में जा कर तलाशी ले और जो चीज़ बरामद हो उसे मेरे पास ले आ। सईद हाजिब का बयान है कि मैं आधी रात को हज़रत के मकान में कोठे की तरफ़ से गया मुझे रास्ता न मिला था , क्योंकि सख़्त तारीकी थी। हज़रत इमाम अली नक़ी (अ.स.) ने अपने मुसल्ले पर से जो अन्दर बिछा हुआ था आवाज़ दी , ऐ सईद अन्धेरा है , ठहरो ! मैं शमा ला रहा हूं। ग़रज़ मैंने जा कर देखा कि आप ज़मीन पर मुसल्ला बिछा ए हुए हैं और आप के घर में एक शमा के सिवा कोई असलाह नहीं है और एक वह थैली है जो मुतावक्किल की मां ने भेजी थी। मैंने इन चीज़ों को मुतावक्किल के सामने पेश कर दिया। इसने उन्हें वापस किया और वह अपने मुक़ाम पर शर्मिन्दा हुआ।
(शवाहेदुन नबूअत सफ़ा 208, जिलाउल उयून सफ़ा 294 )
अल्लामा मजलिसी का बयान है कि मुतावक्किल ने आप पर पूरी सख़्ती शुरू कर दी और आप को क़ैद कर दिया। पहले ज़राफ़ी की क़ैद में रखा और ज़राफ़ी की क़ैद में महबूस रखा। ‘‘जिलाउल उयून सफ़ा 293’’ अल्लामा मौहम्मद बाक़र नजफ़ी का बयान है कि मुतावक्किल ने आपके पास जाने पर मुकम्मल पाबन्दी आएद कर दी ‘‘दमतुस् साकेबा जिल्द 3 सफ़ा 121’’ और हुक्म दिया कि कोई भी आपके क़रीब तक न जाने पाए।
(कशफ़ुल ग़म्मा सफ़ा 124 )
हज़रत इमाम अली नक़ी (अ.स.) के तसव्वुरे हुकूमत पर ख़ौफ़े ख़ुदा ग़ालिब था
हज़रत की सीरते जि़न्दगी और अख़लाक़ व कमालात वही थे जो इस सिलसिले असमत की हर फ़र्द के अपने दौर में इम्तेआज़ी तौर पर मुशाहिदे में आते रहे थे , क़ैद खाने और नज़र बन्दी का आलम हो या आज़ादी का ज़माना हर वक़्त हर हाल में यादे इलाही , इबादत , ख़लक़े खुदा से इस्तग़ना सबाते क़दम सब्र इस्तक़लाल , मसाएब के हुजूम में माथे पर शिकन का न होना , दुश्मन के साथ हिलम व मुरव्वत से काम लेना , मोहताजों और ज़रूरत मन्दो की इमादाद करना यही वह औसाफ़ हैं जो हज़रत इमाम अली नक़ी (अ.स.) की सीरते जि़न्दगी में नुमाया नज़र आते हैं।
क़ैद के ज़माने में जहां भी आप रहे आप के मुसल्ले के सामने एक क़ब्र खुदी तैय्यार रहती थी। देखने वालों ने जब इस पर हैरत व दहशत का इज़हार किया तो आपने फ़रमाया मैं अपने दिल में मौत का ख़्याल रखने के लिये यह क़ब्र अपनी निगाहों के सामने तैय्यार रखता हूं। हक़ीक़त मे यह जा़लिम ताक़त को इसके बातिल मुतालबा ए इताअत और इस्लाम की हक़ीक़ी तालीमात कि नश्रो अशाअत के तर्क कर देने की ख़्वाहिश का एक अमली जवाब था। यानी ज़्यादा से ज़्यादा सलातीने वक़्त के साथ जो कुछ है वह जान का लेना। मगर जो शख़्स मौत के लिये इतना तैय्यार हो कर हर वक़्त खुदी हुई क़ब्र अपने सामने रखे। वह ज़ालिम हुकूमत से डर कर सरे तस्लीम ख़म करने पर कैसे मजबूर किया जा सकता है। मगर इसके साथ दुनियावी साजि़शो में शिरकत या हुकूमते वक़्त के खि़लाफ़ किसी बे महल अक़दाम की तैय्यारी से सख्त तरीन जासूसी इन्तेज़ाम के कभी आपके खि़लाफ़ कोई इलज़ाम साबित न हो सका और कभी सलातीने वक़्त को कोई दलील आपके खि़लाफ़ के जवाज़ की न मिल सकी , बा वजूदे कि सलतनते अब्बासिया की बुनियादें इस वक़्त इतनी खोखली हो रही थी कि दारूल सलतनत में हर रोज़ एक नई साजि़श का फि़तना खड़ा होता था।
मुतावक्किल ने खुद इसके बेटे की मुख़ालफ़त और उसके इन्तेइाई अज़ीज़ गु़लाम बाग़र रूमी की इससे दुश्मनी मुतन्तसर के बाद उमराए हुकूमत का इन्तेशार और आखि़र मुतावक्किल के बेटों को खि़लाफ़त से महरूम कराने का फ़ैसला मुस्तईन की दौरे हुकूमत में यहिया बिन उमर यहिया बिन हसीन बिन ज़ैद अलवी का कूफ़ा में ख़ुरूज और हसन बिन ज़ैद अल मुनक़्क़ब ब दाई अलहक़ का एलाक़ए तबरस्तान पर कब्ज़ा कर लेना और मुसतकि़ल सलतनत क़ाएम कर लेना फिर दारूल सलतनत में तुरकी ग़ुलामां की बग़ावत मुस्तईन का सामरा को छोड़ कर बग़दाद की तरफ़ भागना और कि़ला बन्द हो जाना , आखि़र को हुकूमत से दस्त बरदारी पर मजबूर होना और कुछ अर्से बाद माअज़ बिल्लाह के साथ तलवार के घाट , फिर माज़ बिल्लाह के दौर में रूमियों का मुख़ालफ़त पर तैय्यार रहना। माज़ बिल्लाह को खुद अपने भाईयों से ख़तरा महसूस होना और मोवीद की जि़न्दगी का ख़ातमा और मोफि़क़ का बसरा में क़ैद किया जाना , इन तमाम हगांमी हालात , इन तमाम शोरिशो , इन तमाम बेचैनियो और झगड़ो में से किसी में भी हज़रत इमाम अली नक़ी (अ.स.) की शिरकत का शुब्हा तक न पैदा होना क्या इस तर्ज़ अमल के खि़लाफ़ नहीं जो ऐसे मौक़े पर जज़्बात से काम लेने वालों का हुआ करता है। एक ऐसे अक़तेदार के मुक़ाबले में जिसे न सिर्फ़ वह हक़ व इन्साफ़ के रू से नाजाएज़ समझते हैं बल्कि इनके हाथों उन्हें जिलावतनी , क़ैद और एहानितों का सामना भी करना पड़ता है मगर वह जज़्बात से बुलन्द और अज़मते नफ़्स के कामिल मज़हर दुनियावी हंगामों और वक़्त के इत्तेफ़ाक़ी मौका़ं से किसी तरह का फ़ायदा उठाना अपनी बेलौस हक़्क़ानियत और कोह से गरां सदाक़त के खि़लाफ़ समझता है और मुख़ालफ़त पर पसे पुश्त हमला करने को आपने बुलन्द नुक़्ताए निगाह और मेयारे अमल के खि़लाफ़ जानते हुए हमेशा किनारा कश रहा।
ALI’S MARRIAGE WITH FATIMA THE DAUGHTER OF THE HOLY PROPHET
During the second year of Hijrat, Hazrat Ali’s marriage with Fatima, the only daughter of the Holy Prophet, took place. Muhammad had received many offers for her hand from very rich families in Medina, as also from the chiefs of mighty clans in Arabia but he declined to consider these offers. He said he was awaiting the order of God for the person to whom his daughter should be wedded.
Some one then suggested to Hazrat Ali that he should place a proposal for himself before the Holy Prophet. Ali approached the Prophet feeling shy and modest, but when Muhammad heard the proposal he was so pleased that he smiled and said, “Ahlan wa Merhaban” (It is a welcome and happy proposal.)
Muhammad took the consent of his daughter for this proposal. The betrothal of Fatima, the daughter of the Prophet, to his cousin and faithful disciple, Ali, took place in the month of Ramazan 2 A.H., but the nuptial ceremonies were performed two months later in Zilhajj. This alliance as revealed to the Prophet-was ordained by God, Who, he said to Fatima, had informed him of his choice from the noblest on the earth of two blessed men, one being her father (himself) and the other her husband (Ali); and that he had decreed his (the Prophet’s) lineal descendants to spring forth from the couple (All and Fatima) and not direct from himself.
According to Dailami in Firdous-ul-Akhbar, Khuiar Zamin Manaqib and Yousuf Kanji in Kifayat-ut-Talile, the Holy Prophet announced that Gabriel had brought the good news that God had performed the marriage of Fatima and Ali in Heaven and the Prophet should perform the same on earth.
All the Muhajireen and Ansar of Medina assembled in the mosque, while Hazrat Ali was seated before the Holy Prophet with all the modesty of a bridegroom. The Holy Prophet first recited an eloquent sermon and then announced, “I have been commanded by God to get Fatima wedded to Ali, and I do hereby solemnize the matrimony between AH and Fatima on a dower of 400 Misquall.” Then he asked Hazrat Ali, “Do you consent to it O Ali?” “Yes, I do, O Holy Prophet of God.” Then the Holy Prophet raised his hands in supplication and prayed thus: “O my God Bless both of them, sanctify their progeny and grant them the keys of Thy beneficence, Thy treasures of wisdom and Thy genius; and let both of them be a source of blessing and peace to my people.”
Then Ali prostrated himself before God. After a service of thanksgiving in which the Holy Prophet asked God for His blessings on the couple, praying, “O Almighty Lord! Bless them both and better their endeavours and give them noble children”. The marriage was then performed. Addressing Ali, the Holy Prophet then said, “O Ali, lucky art thou indeed! Of all the virtuous women of the world, your wife is queen.” Then turning towards Fatima the Holy Prophet said, “Of all the virtuous men of the world your husband is the king. May God keep you pious and chaste and bless your children. Verily I am a friend to him who befriends you both and an enemy to him who is your enemy.”
From this marriage, Ali and Fatima had two sons, Imam Hasan and Imam Husain, and two daughters, Janab-e-Zainab and Janab-e-Umme Kulsoom.
The wedding ceremony of the only daughter of Muham- mad well demonstrates the ideal simplicity with which it was conducted. The wedding feast was of dates and olives; the nuptial couch was a sheepskin; the ornaments, the general outfit and the articles of necessity for the bride consisting of only a pair of silver armlets, two shirts, one head tiara, one leather pillow containing palm leaves, one grinding mill, one drinking cup, two large jars and one pitcher. This was all, compatible with the circumstances of the Prophet Muhammad and his son-in-law Ali, who had to sell his coat of mail to raise the dowry required.
It may be recalled that Fatima’s mother was that generous lady Khadija whose fabulous wealth was spent by the Prophet on the widows and orphans of Muslims, and who was content even when nothing was left for her daughter.
The true grandeur of the marriage lay not in the ostenta- tions, but in the blessings of Heaven for which the marriage is the most memorable in the annals of Islam. The couple tied in matrimonial alliance by God-were destined to be the parents of an illustrious progeny termed the sons of the Prophet, who are distinguished from, the rest of the Muslim world as divinely commissioned Imams or the Commanders of the Faithful, and the rightful successors of the Apostle of God. They are universally acknowledged by Muslims as the fountain-head of piety and wisdom. Hasan and Husain, the sons of Ali and Fatima, played in the lap of the Prophet, who showed them proudly from his pulpit and called them the Chiefs of the youths of Paradise. The parents themselves were as exalted as their children. The Prophet used to say, “I am the city of knowledge and Ali is its gate.” Ali, the gallant hero as he proved himself on all occasions of undaunted valour, had won for himself the title of ‘Lion of God’ from the Prophet. Fatima, who possessed the love and confidence of the Prophet and God, was ranked as one of the four ladies ‘Perfect in Faith” with whom God had deigned to bless this earth, viz. 1 Asia, the wife of Pharaoh, Mary, the mother of Jesus, Khadija, the wife of Muhammad, and Fatima, the wife of Ali.
It is related that Asia, the daughter of Mozahem, because she believed in Moses, her husband cruelly tortured her, fastening her hands and feet to four stakes, and laying a large millstone on her breast; her face, at the same time was exposed to the scorching heat of the sun; her anguish, however was alleviated by the angels shading her with their wings and the view of the mansion prepared for her in paradise, which was revealed to her on her pronouncing the prayer in the text: at length God received her soul; or, as some say, she was taken up alive into paradise, where she eats and drinks
The Holy Prophet called Fatima the Chief of the women of Paradise and superior to all of them, and according to Bokhari, Muslim, Tirmizi, Dailami, Tibrani, Hakim, Abu Nayeem and a host of commentators, the Holy Prophet enjoined that Fatima is a part and parcel of himself and whoever caused the slightest grief to her, caused grief to the Prophet and to God Himself and that God is pleased with those with whom Fatima is pleased and God. is angry on those who have incurred the wrath of Fatima.
Aal-e-Qutub Aal-e-Syed Abdullah Shah Ghazi 