What we know for sure is that day of his death was ‘Monday’, as for the date we have different narrations.
Narrated Hisham’s father: Aisha said, “I went to Abu Bakr (during his fatal illness) and he asked me, ‘In how many garments was the Prophet shrouded?’ She replied, ‘In three Sahuliya pieces of white cloth of cotton, and there was neither a shirt nor a turban among them.’ Abu Bakr further asked her, ‘On which day did the Prophet die?’ She replied, ‘He died on Monday.’ He asked, ‘What is today?’ She replied, ‘Today is Monday.’ He added, ‘I hope I shall die sometime between this morning and tonight.’ Then he looked at a garment that he was wearing during his illness and it had some stains of saffron. Then he said, ‘Wash this garment of mine and add two more garments and shroud me in them.’ I said, ‘This is worn out.’ He said, ‘A living person has more right to wear new clothes than a dead one; the shroud is only for the body’s pus.’ He did not die till it was the night of Tuesday and was buried before the morning.”
(Bukhari – Kitab al Janaiz)
13th Rabi ul Awwal: Muhammad Suleman Mansurpure
12th Rabi ul Awwal: Mubarakpuri
2nd Rabi ul Awwal: Ibn e Hajr
1st Rabi ul Awwal: Ibn e Jareer
28th Safar: Sh’ia Historians (They also mention the day to be Monday)
From the books of Hadith we can be sure that the year Prophet Muhammad died:
9th Dhil Hijjah was Friday (Bukhari – Prophetic Commentary on the Qur’an)
“….It was Friday and the Prophet was standing at ‘Arafat (i.e. the Day of Hajj)”
(Narrated by Umar bin Al-Khattab)
We have four possibilities:
1- If Dhil Hijjah, Muharram and Safar all were of 30 days, Rabi ul Awwal starts on Wednesday and Mondays fall on 6th, 13th and so on.
2- If Dhil Hijjah, Muharram and Safar all were of 29 days, Rabi ul Awwal starts on Sunday and Mondays fall on 2nd, 9th, 16th and so on.
3- If any two months were of 29 days and one of 30 days, Rabi ul Awwal starts on Monday and Mondays fall on 1st, 8th, 15th and so on.
4- If any two months were of 30 days and one of 29 days, Rabi ul Awwal starts on Monday and Mondays fall on 7th, 14th and so on.
As for 28th Safar:
1- If Dhil Hijjah and Muharram are 30 days it is Sunday.
2- If Dhil HIjjah and Muharram are 29 days it is Friday
3- If one is 29 and the other is 30 it is Saturday.
You can verify the results on Microsoft Excel, you can mail me if you want the file I made.
Conclusion
Hence, the view of Ibn e Hajr (2nd Rabi ul Awwal) , view of Ibn e Jareer (1st Rabi ul Awwal) and Suleman Mansurpuri (13th Rabi ul Awwal) are the only possibilities and the common views of 12th Rabi ul Awwal and 28th Safar have been proven to be incorrect.
Aal-e-Qutub Aal-e-Syed Abdullah Shah Ghazi 