He (Ibn Sad) said: Al-Haytham IbnAdi informed us; Dalham Ibn Salih
and Abu Bakr al-Hudhali informed us on the authority of Abd Allah Ibn Buraydah, he on the authority of his father, Buraydah Ibn al-Husayb al Aslami; (second chain) he (Ibn Sad) said: Muhammad Ibn Ishaq related
to us on the authority of Yazid Ibn Rumàn and al-Zuhri; (third chain) he
(Ibn Sad) said: Al-Hasan IbnUmàrah related to us on the authority of
Firas, he on the authority of al-Shabi; their narrations are mixed up: Verily, the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, said to his Companions: Come to me tomorrow morning, all of you. The Prophet, may he be blessed, was accustomed to remain in his seat after he had offered the morning prayers, glorifying and praying (to Allah). (On the following day) he turned to them and despatching a party to some people he said to them: Serve the servants of Allah for Him because Allah has forbidden the entry into heaven of those who are given charge of administration and do not serve His servants. Go and do not act like the apostles ofIsá Ibn Maryam (Jesus s/o Mary) who used to approach only
those who were near and avoided those who were far away; subsequently
they realized this. Every one of them spoke the language of the people to
whom he was sent, and when this was related to the Prophet, may Allah
bless him, he said: It was the greatest right of Allah on His servants.
He (Ibn Sad) said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote [P.20] an epistle to the people of Yaman detailing in it the regulations of Islam and duties on animals and properties. He directed them to treat his Companions and messengers well, and his messengers were Mu'adh Ibn Jabal and Malik Ibn Murarah. He informed them about the coming of their messengers to him and acknowledged the message which he had received from them. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote personal letters to several persons of Yaman; the names of some of them are, al Harith IbnAbd Kulál, Shurayh Ibn Abd Kulal, Nuaym Ibn Abd Kulál, Nu'man the prince of Dhu Yazan, Ma'àfir and Hamdan and Zurah of Ruayn; and the last was the first of Himyarites to embrace Islam. He (Prophet) ordered them to collect ,sadaqah (sadaqah implies zakah as well as other taxes) and jizyah and deposit the same with Muadh Ibn Jabal and Malik Ibn Murarah. He (Prophet) ordered them
to treat them (Muadh and Malik) well. Malik Ibn Murarah was the messenger of the people of Yaman sent to the Prophet, may Allah bless him, to inform him about their embracing Islam and submission to him. The Apostle of Alláh, may Allah bless him, wrote to them that Malik Ibn Murárah had delivered the message and defended their right in absentia. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote a similar epistle to Bang Mu'awiyah, a branch of Kindah. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to Banu 'Amr, a branch of Himyar, inviting them to embrace Islam. Khalid Ibn Sa'id Ibn al-As had scribed this epistle.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to
Jabalah 1bn al-Ayham, the ruler of Ghassan, inviting him, to embrace
Islam. He embraced Islam and wrote about his joining the fold of Islam
to the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, and sent a present to him.
He did not cease to be a Muslim until the time of Umar Ibn al-Khattab. While walking in the market place of Damascus, he trampled under foot a person (of the tribe) of Muzaynah, who stood up and slapped him. He was caught and produced before AbuUbaydah Ibn al-Jarrah. They
said: This man slapped Jabalah. He (Abu Ubaydah) said: He should slap him. They said: Should he not be slain? He said: No. They said: Should his hand not be amputated? He said: No, Allah the Great and Magnificent has ordained Qisas. (i.e. punishment should be commensurate with the crime). Jabalah said: Do you like that I should make my face like a sheep brought from the jungle; this is a bad religion. Then he became Christian and departed with his people and entered the Roman territory. The news reachedUmar who was grieved (to hear this) and said to
Hassan Ibn Thabit: 0 Abu al-Walid ! do you know that your friend
Jabalah Ibn al-Ayham has become Christian? He said: “Lo ! we are
Allah’s and to ! unto Him we are returning”, (Qur’an, 2:156) and why
(this)? He said: A man from Muzaynah slapped him. He (Hassan) said:
Right he was. Umar stood with his whip and lashed him. (Jabalah's incident is an instance of strict justice as administered in the time of 'Umar.)' They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, sent Jarir Ibn Abd Allah al-Bajali to Dhu al-KulaIbn Nakur Ibn Habib Ibn Malik Ibn Hassan Ibn Tubba, and Dhu Amr, inviting them to embrace Islam. They joined the fold of Islam and Dhu al-Kula"s wife, Duraybah Bint Abrahah Ibn al-Sabbah embraced Islam. While Jarir was still with them, the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, passed away; and Dhu 'Amr informed him of his passing away, may Allah bless him. So Jarir set out for al-Madinah. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to Madi
Karib Ibn Abrahah [P. 21] that the land of Khawlan will be his if he
embraced Islam.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to the
bishop of Banu al-Harith Ibn Ka’b and the bishops and priests of Najran,
their followers and their monks that every thing, small or great,
pertaining to their churches, chapels and monasteries would remain in
their possession that Allah and His Apostle guaranted that no bishop
would be removed from his see, nor any monk from his monastery, nor
any priest from his office and none of their rights or powers would be
changed as long as they were sincere and good, and no cruelty would be
shown to them. Al-Mughirah had scribed it.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to
Rabiah Ibn Dhu Marhab al-Hadrami, his brothers and uncles, that their properties, presents, slaves, wells, trees, ponds, stream-lets, plants and their water-courses in Hadaramawt and all belongings of the family of Dhu Marhab, and every thing mortagaged in their land and whatever accrued from the fruits, nabk tree and wood would be considered a part of that mortagage, and would be theirs, and no one were to question them about anything that Allah and His Apostle would be absolved of it, and it would be the responsibility of the Muslims to help the family of Dhu Marhab and their lands would be free from cruelty and their property and persons and irrigational system of king's garden to that of the family of Qays (would be theirs) and that Allah and His Apostle guaranteed it. Mu'awiyah had scribed it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to those from among the Banu Lakhm, who had embraced Islam on the basis of mere guess, used to offer prayers, pay zakàh and the share of Allah and His Apostle and had abandoned the polythiests, that they were safe under the guarantee of Allah and the guarantee of Muhammad that from him who would return to his old religion the guarantee of Allah and the guarantee of Muhammad His Apostle, would be withdrawn, but, if a Muslim bore witness to his Islam, he would be safe under the guarantee of Allah and the guarantee of His Apostle. 'Abd Allah Ibn Zayd had scribed it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to Khalid Ibn Dimad al-Azdi that he would be allowed to retain the land which he held when he had embraced Islam on the condition that he would believe in Allah, Who has no partner, and would bear witness that Muhammad was His servant and apostle, and would offer prayers, pay zakah, fast during the month of Ramadan, go on a pilgrimage to the sanctuary (of Allah), would not protect heretics, nor harbour doubts and would remain sincere to Allah and His Apostle, love His friends and abhor His foes and that it would be binding on Muhammad the Prophet to defend him as he defended himself, his property and relations, that for Khálid was the guarantee of Allah and the guarantee of Muhammad if he fulfils (the conditions). Ubayyi had scribed it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote a document for 'Amr Ibn Hazm when he sent him to Yaman, detailing in it the regulations of Islam, its obligations and limits (hudud). Ubayyi had scribed it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to Nu'aym Ibn Aws the brother of Tamim al-Dári that he would retain Hibra and 'Aynun in Syria, the entire village, all alluvial land, hills, streams, [P. 22] fields, wells, cows, and that these would pass on to his successors after him; none would dispute with them nor resort to cruelty there and that he who took anything from them by force, would court the curse of Allah, the angels and all human beings.Ali had scribed it.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to al Husayn lbn Aws al-Aslami, that he (Prophet) had bestowed al-Furghan
(in Yaman) and Dhát A’shás on him and that none would dispute with
him. ‘Ali had scribed it.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to Banu
Qurrah Ibn Abd Allah Ibn Abi Nujayh al-Nabhàniyin that he had bestowed on them a1-Mazallah, the whole of it, its land, water, alluvial land, hills and pasture land for the grazing of their animals. Muáwiyah
had scribed it.
They said The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to Banu
al-Dibab a branch of Banu al-Harith Ibn Kab that they would retain Saribah, its highlands and nobody would dispute with them about it, as long as they would continue to offer prayers, pay zakáh, obey Allah and His Apostle and dissociate themselves from the heathens. Al-Mughirah had scribed it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote 'azid lbn al-Tufayl al-Harithi that the whole of al-Maddah would be his and no one would dispute with him as long as he continued to offer prayers, pay zakáh and fight against the heathens. Juhaym Ibn al-Salt had scribed it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to Banu Qaman Ibn Tha'labah, a branch of Banu al-Harith that they could retain Majs where they would be safe with their persons and properties. Al Mughirah had scribed it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote toAbd
Yaghuth lbn Wa’lah al-Hárithi that he could retain whatever land and
other things, i.e. date-palms were in his possession at the time of his
embracing Islam, as long as he offered prayers, paid zakàh, and one fifth
of the booty (collected) in battles, and that he would not be required to
pay ‘ushr (tithe) nor would he be ejected (from his land), and that those
of his tribe who followed him (would be treated likewise). Al-Arqam Ibn
‘Abi al-Arqam al-Makhzum had scribed it.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless nim wrote to Banu
Ziyad Ibn al-Harith and other persons of the tribe of al-Harith, that they
would retain Jammá and Adhnibah and they would be safe there as long
as they offered prayers, paid zakàh and fought the heathens. ‘Ali had
scribed it.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to Yazid
Ibn al-Muhajjal al-Harithi that they (his men) would retain Namrah, its
aqueducts and Wadi al-Rahman in their forest and that he and his heirs
would be the chiefs of his tribe, Banu Malik, and that they would not be
attacked nor ejected. Al-Mughirah Ibn Shubah had scribed it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to Dhu al-Ghussah Qays Ibn al-Husayn about his father's children, Banu al Harith and Banu Nahd, that they had a guarantee from Allah and from His Apostle, and that they would not be ejected nor subjected to the payment of 'ushr as long as they offered prayers, paid zakàh and kept themselves away from the polytheists and bore witness to their Islam, but that tbeir properties would be subjected to the payment of the dues of the Muslims. He (Ibn Sa'd) said: Banu Nahd were the allies of Banu al Harith. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to Banu Qanan lbn Yazid, a branch of the tribe of al-Harith that they could retain Midhwah and its irrigation system as long as they offered prayers, paid zakàh, and kept themselves away from the polytheists and kept the routes safe and bore witness to their Islam. They said: [P. 23] The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to 'Asim Ibn al-Harith al-Harithi that he would be entitled to the trees of Rakis and no one would question their title. Al-Arqam had scribed it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to the Banu Mu'awiyah Ibn Jarwal, a branch of the tribe of Tayy, who had embraced Islam, and were offering prayers, paying zakáh, obeying Allah and His Apostle and were paying the share of Allah and His Apostle equal to one fifth of the booty and had kept themselves away from the polytheists and borne witness to their Islam that they were in the security of Allah and His Apostle and that they would retain whatever they possessed at the time of embracing Islam and the place where the sheep were kept at night. Al-Zubayr Ibn al-Awwam had scribed it.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to Amir Ibn al-Aswad IbnAmir lbn Juwayn al-Tá’i that he and his people (who
had accepted Islam) would retain their towns (bilád) springs which they
possessed at the time of embracing Islam, as long as they offered prayers
paid zakàh and kept themselves away from the polytheists. Al-Mughirah
had scribed it.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to the
Banu Juwayn, a branch of the tribe of Tayy, who had embraced Islam,
offered prayers, paid zakàh, kept themselves away from the polytheists,
obeyed Allah and His Apostle, paid one fifth of the booty as the share of
Allah and His Apostle and bore witness to their Islam, that they would be
under the security of Allah and Muhammad Ibn ‘Abd Allah and that
they would retain their land, their springs and whatever they possessed at
the time of their embracing Islam, and that they would be entitled to
pasture land where the sheep could be kept in the morning and in the
night. AlMughirah had scribed it.
He (Ibn Sad) said: He (Prophet) meant by ghadwah the land where the sheep grazed in the morning up to the place to which they moved by night-fall; this was for them. The word: (mubitah) meant the place where they passed the night. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to the Banu Man, a branch of the tribe of Tayy, that they would retain
whatever land, springs and grazing land of the sheep they possessed at
the time of their embracing Islam as long as they offered prayers, paid
zakàh, obeyed Allah and His Apostle, and kept themselves away from the
polytheists, bore witness to their Islam and kept the routes safe. Al-Ala had scribed it and borne witness to it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote: In the name of Allah, the Beneficent; the Merciful. From Muhammad, the Prophet, to Banu Asad. Peace be on you. I praise Allah before you; there is no god but He. After that, do not go near the springs and the land of Tayy (tribe), because it is not lawful for you to (encroach upon) their springs, or to enter their land except for those whom they admit. The guarantee of Muhammad would be withdrawn from him who disobeys Qudai Ibn Amr should enforce this. Khálid Ibn Sa'id had scribed it. He (Ibn Sad) said: Qudai IbnAmr a member of Banu Udhrah was theiramil.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote an
epistle to Junàdah al-Azdi and those of his people who followed him that
they would be under the guarantee of Allah and Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah as long as they offered prayers, paid zakah, obeyed Allah and His Messenger, and paid from the booty one fifth as the share of Allah and the Prophet, may Allah bless him, and kept themselves away from the polytheists. Ubayyi had scribed it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote an epistle to Sa'd of Hudhaym, a branch of Quda'ah, and Judham guiding them in the obligations of sadaqah and ordered them to pay sadaqah [P. 24] and the fifth part to his messengers, Ubayyi andAnbasah, or to him
whom they (Ubayyi and Anbasah) deputed. He (Ibn Sa'd) said; They did not mention their genealogies. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to the Banu Zurah and Banu al-Rabah, branches of Juhaynah, that they would be safe in their persons and properties and that they would receive assistance in case any one showed cruelty to them or fought against them, except when it was allowed by religion or was for (defending) their families, and that those of their village people who were pious and virtuous, would enjoy the same privileges as those who lived in the towns, and Allah is our Helper. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to the Banu Ju'ayl, a branch of Bali, that they formed a sub-tribe of the Quraysh and came of the house of 'Abd Manàf, that they would enjoy the privileges which they were enjoying and their obligations would be the same as they had been, that they would not be evicted nor would they have to pay 'ushr; that they would retain what they possessed at the time of their embracing Islam and would receive tax from Nasr, Sad Ibn
Bakar, Thumálah and Hudhayl. On these conditions Asim Ibn Abi Sayfi, 'Amr Ibn Abi Sayfi, al-'Ajam Ibn Sufyan andAli Ibn Sad offered bayah to the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him. A1-Abbas IbnAbd
al-Muttalib, Ali Ibn Abi Talib,Uthmán Ibn Affán and Abu Sufyan Ibn Harb stood witnesses (to the document). He (Ibn Sad) said: Verily, he
made the members of the family of Abd Manaf witnesses to this covenant because they were their allies and he meant that they would not be forced to move from one spring to another for (nonpayment of) sadaqah, and that they would not pay 'ushr more than once in a year. By saying that they would receive ... he referred to al-sadaqah. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to those persons of Aslam, a branch of Khuzàah, who had embraced Islam,
offered prayers, paid zakáh and were sincere in the faith of Allah, that
they would be given help against those who showed cruelty to them and
in return) they would help the Prophet, may Allah bless him, whenever
called by him, that their village people would have the same privileges as
those who lived in cities and they would be considered muhajirs wherever
they happened to be. Al-‘Ala Ibn al-Hadrami had scribed it and borne
witness to it.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote toAwsajah Ibn Harmalah'al-Juhni: In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful, this is what the Apostle has bestowed on 'Awsajah Ibn Harmalah al-Juhni, (i.e., a portion of) Dhu al-Marwah. He gives him what lies from Balkathah to Masna'ah, from there to al-Jafalat, from there to al-Jadd, the mountain towards qiblah. No one would dispute with him, and he who disputes with him has no right and the right vests in him. 'Uqbah had scribed it and bore witness to it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to the Banu Shankh, a branch of Juhaynah; In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. This is what Muhammad the Prophet has bestowed on Banu Shankh, a branch of Juhaynah. He bestowed on them what they had marked of Sufaynah and what they had tilled. He who disputes with them, has no right; and the right is vested in them. Al-'Ala lbn 'Uqbah had scribed it and borne witness to it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to Banu Jurmuz Ibn Rabi'ah, and they are also a branch of Juhaynah: They are safe in their towns and they will retain what they possessed when they embraced Islam. Al-Mughirah had scribed it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to 'Amr Ibn Mabad al-Juhni and those from among the Banu al-Huraqah, a
branch of Juhaynah, and Banu al-Jurmuz, who had embraced Islam, [P.
25] offered prayers, paid zakáh, obeyed Allah and His Apostle, paid one fifth of the booty as the share of the Pure Prophet, bore witness to their
Islam and kept themselves away from the polytheists: They are safe
under the guarantee of Allah, and of Muhammad. If any one of them
owes some debt to a Muslim, he will repay the principal only and the
interest in the mortgage will be unlawful. The sadaqah on fruits will be
one tenth. And he who joins them will have privileges like theirs.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote for Bilal
Ibn al-Harith al-Muzani: al-Nakhl, Jazzaah and facing them Dhu al Mazári, and al-Nahl, are for him and he will get what instrument is fit
for agriculture; he will also get al-Maddah, al-Jaz’ and al-Ghaylah
provided that he remains sincere. Muáwiyah had scribed it. By the expression, jazza'ah he meant a village, by shatr, he meant facing it, and this is used in the Book of Allah, the High and Magnificent. "So turn thy face toward the Inviolable Place of worship". (Qur'an, 2:144) He means facing the Inviolable Place of worship. As regards the expression, gads he meant by it an instrument of agriculture; and al-Maddah was the name of a tract of land. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to Budayl, Busr and Sarawat, sons ofAmr: After that, I did not impose any
fine on your property nor I made any diminution in your rights. The
most respected of the people of Tihàmah in my view and those closest to
me in kinship are you and those of al-Mutayyibin who follow you. After
that, I granted the same rights to those of you who migrated as I have
claimed for me, although they might have migrated to their own land,
save the residents of Makkah and those who travel to perform Umrah or
Hajj. Since I have made peace with you I have never fought against you,
and you have no reason to fear from me that you will be besieged. After
that, Alqamah Ibn 'Ulathah and two sons of Hawdhah embraced Islam, migrated and offered bayah on the conditions on which those men ofIkrimah, who followed them would pledge. We resemble each other in what is allowed and what is forbidden. By Allah! I do not speak a lie; surely Allah will befriend you. He (Ibn Sa'd) continued: He did not write (in this letter), Peace be on you, because it was written before the verse enjoining salám was revealed. As regardsAlqamah Ibn Ulathah, he was 'Alqamah IbnUlathah Ibn Awf Ibn al-Ahwas lbn Jafar Ibn Kilab. The
two sons of Hawdhah are, al-Addá, andAmr, the two sons of Khálid
Ibn Hawdhah, of the tribe of Banu Amr Ibn Rabi'ah Ibn 'Amir Ibn Sasaah, the progenitor of the men ofIkrimah Ibn Khasafah Ibn Qays
lbn Ilan. By "those of al-Mutayyibin who follow you" he meant Banu Háshim, Banu Zuhrah, Banu al-Harith IbnAbd al-Uzzà. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to al-'Addà Ibn Khalid Ibn Hawdhah and those persons ofAmir Ibnlkrimah who followed him, that he (Prophed) had bestowed on them what was between al-Misbaah and al-Zuhh and Lawábah i.e., Lawabah
al-Kharrar. Khàlid Ibn Sa’id had scribed it.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to
Musaylimah, the liar, may Allah damn him, inviting him to join the fold
of Islam, and sent it through Amr Ibn Ummayyah [P. 26] al-Damri. Musaylimah wrote a reply to his epistle saying that he (Musaylimah) was a prophet like him, and asked him to divide the Earth; he also added that the Quraysh were not just. The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, said: Curse him; Allah has also cursed him. The Prophet wrote to him: your letter (full of) falsehood and fabrications against Allah has reached me. As regards the Earth, it belongs to Allah. He bestows (it) on whomsoever He likes from among His servants. The life hereafter is for the pious, and peace be on him who follows guidance. He (lbn Sad) said:
He sent it through al-Sa’ib Ibn al-Awwàm, the brother of al-Zubayr Ibn al-Awwam.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote for
Salamah Ibn Malik lbn Abi ‘Amir al-Sulami, a branch of Banu Harithah,
that he had bestowed on him Madfawwa, and none would dispute with
him and that he who disputed with him had no right, and his (Salamah’s)
right is established.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote for al-Abbas Ibn Mirdas al-Sulami, that he had bestowed on him Madfawwa and he who disputed with him had no right. Al-Ala Ibn ‘Uqbah had
scribed it and borne witness to it. (Compare it with the foregoing naration;
in both Madfawwa is mentioned).
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote for
Hawdah Ibn Nubayshah al-Sulami, then attached to the Banu Usayyah, that he had bestowed on him the whole of al-Jafr. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote for Ajabb, of the Banu Sulaym, that he had bestowed on him Falis. Al Arqam had scribed it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote for Rashid IbnAbd al-Sulami that he had bestowed on him (land
measuring) two bow-shots and one stone-throw in Ruhat. No one would
dispute with him and he who disputed with him would have no claim,
and his right was established. Khalid Ibn Said had scribed it.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote for
Haram Ibn AbdAwf, of the Banu Sulaym, that he had bestowed on him
Adham and his share in Shawàq and that it was not lawful for any one to
oppress them (descendants of Haram?) and they should not oppress any
one. Khalid Ibn Sa’id had scribed it.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote: In the
name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. This is an agreement made
by Nu’aym 1bn Masud Ibn Rukhaylah al-Ashjai for assistance and
sincere devotion (and will last) as long as Uhud remains at its place and
the ocean water drenches wool. ‘Ali had scribed it.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote for al Zubayr Ibn al-Awwam: I have bestowed on him Shawàq, its upper part and lower part. No one should dispute with him. 'Ali had scribed it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote for Jamil Ibn Rizàm al-Adawi that he had bestowed on him al-Ramda and
that no one was to dispute with him. ‘Ali had scribed it.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote for
Husayn Ibn Nadlah al-Asadi that he would have Aram and Kassah and
that no one should dispute with him. Al-Mughirah Ibn Shubah had scribed it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote for Banu Ghifar: As they are Muslims they have the rights which Muslims enjoy and they have the duties which Muslims perform. Verily, the Prophet has promised the guarantee of Allah and His Apostle for their persons and property; they will receive assistance against those who will oppress [P 27] them and verily when the Prophet calls them for assistance they would respond and assit him, except he who fights against religion (i. e., becomes apostate). (It will remain in force) until the water of the ocean drenches the wool and this document will be observed save for sin. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to the Banu Damrah Ibn Bakr IbnAbd Manat Ihn Kinanah that their persons
and property would be safe and that they would be assisted if any one
oppressed them and they would help the Prophet, may Allah bless him,
till the ocean drenches the wool, except when they fought against the
religion of Allah. When the Prophet would call them they would respond
and that there would be a guarantee of Allah and His Apostle for it and
those of them who were pious and virtuous would be helped.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to al Hilál, the ruler of al-Bahrayn; You are in peace; I praise before you
Allah and there is no god except Him, and there is no partner with Him. I
call you to beleive in Allah, Who is One and to obey Him and join the
party (of believers). It will be for you, and peace be on him who follows
guidance.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to
Asibakht Ibn Abd Allah, the ruler of Hajar: Verily, al-Agra' brought your letter of intercession (shafa'at) for your which I accept and trust upon the words of your messenger, al-Aqra' about your people. I send you good news concerning what you like and what you have asked for. But I think I should inform you that you will be honoured if you come to me, and also you will be honoured if you remain (i.e., where you are). After this, I do not ask any one to offer present, but I shall accept if you send one. Myamils have praised you, and I give you an advice, which is
better still, namely, that you should offer prayers, pay zakah and offer
hospitality to believers. I have named your people Banu Abd Allah, so direct them to offer prayers and do good deeds and receive good news. Peace be on you, and those of your people, who are believers. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to the people of Hajar: After this, I advise you, by Allah and by your souls, that you should not be led a stray after you are guided and you should not be tempted after you are rightly directed. After this, your deputation waited on me and I did not do any thing but what pleased them. If I had made an effort, I would have turned you out of Hajar, but I have accepted the intercession of an absentee from among you and have honoured him who is present. So remember the blessings of Allah on you. After that, the news of what you have done has reached me. I do not consider him, who does noble deeds, responsible for the evil deeds of the evil-doers. When my amirs come to you, obey them and assist them in (the implementation of) the commands of Allah and assist him in the His, path. He from among you, who does noble deeds will not be misled, before Allah, nor before me. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to al Mundhir Ibn Sawa: After that, my messengers have praised you. As long as you do good deeds I shall do good to you and I shall reward you for your actions. Be sincere to Allah and His Apostle, and peace be on you. He despatched it with al-Ala Ibn al-Hadrami.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to [P,
28] al-Mundhir Ibn Sawa another epistle: After that, I am sending
Qudamah and Abu Hurayrah, pay to them whatever is collected of the
jizyah of your land. Peace be on you. Ubayyi scribed it.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to al-Ala Ibn al-Hadrami: After that, I have sent a person to al-Mundhir Ibn Sawa to receive the amount of jizyah, which he has collected, so make haste and send him with the amounts of sadaqah andushr collected by
you. Peace be on you. Ubayyi scribed it.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to
Daghatir, the bishop; Peace be on him who embraces Islam. After that,
Verily, “Jesus son of Mary, was only a messenger of Allah, and His word
which He conveyed unto Mary” (Qu’ran, 4:171) the Pure. “Verily, I
believe in Allah; and that which is revealed unto Abraham, and Ismael,
and Isaac, and Jacob, and the tribes, and that which Moses and Jesus
received, and that which the prophets received from their Lord. We
make no distinction between any of them, and unto Him we have
surrendered.” Peace be on him who follows guidance.(Qu’ran, 4:171) He
(Ibn Sad) said: He despatched it with Dihyah Ibn Khalifah al-Kalbi. He (Ibn Sad) said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote
to Banu Janbah, the Jews of Maqna, and. to (other) people of Maqna,
near Aylah: After that, your messengers, while returning to your village,
have come to me. On this letter of mine reaching you, you will be safe,
with the guarantee of Allah and the guarantee of His Apostle. Verily, the
Apostle of Allah is forgiving your shortcomings and sins. Under the
guarantee of Allah and the guarantee of His Apostle there will be no
cruelty or oppression on you. Verily, the Apostle of Allah, will defend
you, against which he defends himself: Verily, for the Apostle of Allah
will be the booty which you receive on making peace (with some party)
and every slave you get, as well as animals and other objects, except that
which the Apostle of Allah or his envoy remits. Verily, it is binding on
you to pay one-fourth of the yield of your date palms, and one-fourth of
your game from the rivers, and one-fourth of what your women spin,
besides that you will be exempt from jizyah and forced labour. If you
would listen and obey, it would be for the Apostle of Allah to honour
your respected persons and to excuse your mistakes. After that, to the
believers and those who submit (muslimin), he who does good to the
people of Maqna will be treated well and he who ill-treats them will
suffer the consequences. Verily, there will be no Amir on you except one
from among you or from the people of the Apostle of Allah, peace be on
you.
By the expression … he meant their ‘envoys’; by … he meant the
booty on which they make peace, by … arms and property gathered in the
house. As regards … the … is a log of wood thrown in the sea from which
they cast their nets to catch fish.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to
Yuhannah Ibn Rubbàh and (other) chiefs of the people of Aylah: You are
safe. I praise Allah before you; there is no God but He. I will not fight
against you unless I write to you (in advance). So, join the fold of Islam or
[P. 29] pay the jizyah. Obey Allah and His Apostle and the messengers of
His Apostle, honour them and dress them in nice clothes, other than the
uniform of the ghazis. Provide Zayd with good clothes. If my messengers
will be pleased with you, I shall also be pleased with you. The jizyah is a
known thing. If you like that, peace might prevail over the land and sea;
you should obey Allah and His Apostle. You will not be required to pay
dues you have been paying to the Arabs and the ‘Ajamis, and you will
pay the dues to Allah and His Apostle. If you send them (my messengers)
back and do not please them, I shall not accept anything from you, and
shall wage war against you and make your young ones captive and shall
stay your elders. Verily, I am the Apostle of Allah to communicate the
truth. I believe in Allah, His Books and His Apostles. I believe in Masih
Ibn Maryam (Messiah son of Mary) who is His word, to be His Apostle.
Come to me before you face the evil. I have given advice to my
messengers about your affairs. Pay three wasag (Wasaq is a camel loadequal to sixty sas, each sa being equal to four mudds, and each mudd
is equal to 1-1/3 lbs., thus a wasaq is equal to nearly four maunds of
Pakistan.) of barley to Harmalah. Verily, Harmalah has recommended
your case. Had there been no Allah and this (recommendation) I would
not have had any correspondence with you and you would have seen
armies marching against you. If you obey my messenger, verily, Allah is
your defender and (also) Muhammad and those who follow him. Verily,
my messengers are Shurahbil, Ubayyi, Harmalah and Hurayth lbn Zayd
al-Tá’i. If they conclude a treaty, I shall approve of it and you will be
under the guarantee of Allah and Allah’s Apostle Muhammad. Salàm to
you. If you obey, you should arrange provisions for the people of Maqna
to go to their land.
They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote to those
who had assembled in the mountains of Tihámah. They had way-laid the
people of Kinanah, Muzaynah, al-Qarah and their slaves following them.
When the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, appeared (i.e. was
commissioned to prophethood) their deputation waited on him, may
Allah bless him, Thereupon the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him,
wrote to them: In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. This is
an epistle from Muhammad, the Prophet, Apostle of Allah, to His free
servants (utagá). If they believe, offer prayers and pay zakah, their slaves
will be enfranchised and their mawlá will be Muhammad. None of them
belonging to any tribe whatsoever will be returned. If they have
murdered anyone and seized the property of others, the same will be
theirs. If they have to recover any debts they will get them. They will not
be tyrannized or oppressed. They will be under the guarantee of Allah
and the guarantee of Muhammad Salam. Ubayyi Ibn Kab scribed it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote: In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. This is an epistle from Muhammad, the Apostle of Allah, to Banu Ghàdiya. They have to guarantee the payment of the jizyah in return (for a guarantee from us that) there will be no oppression on them, nor banishment. The night and day will not void (the document). Khalid Ibn Said scribed it. They said: The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, wrote: In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. This is an epistle from Muhammad, the Apostle of Allah, to BanuUrayd. They will receive ten
wasaq of of barley at the time of harvesting. Besides, they will get fifty
wasaq of dates in the season every year. [P.30] They will not be
oppressed, Khalid. Ibn Sa’id scribed it.
He (Ibn Sa`d) said: The Banu ‘Urayd were a Jewish people.
Aal-e-Qutub Aal-e-Syed Abdullah Shah Ghazi 