Bibi Maham Khadija bint Musa Kazim being the daughter of Imam Musa Kazim is a part of Ahl Al-Bayt–Prophet Mohammad‘s Household.During the Abbasid caliphate Ahl Al-Bayt suffered much and were always the target of Abbasid oppression, Bibi’s father and his followers were subjected to imprisonment and torture, and were under constant surveillance by the agents of caliphs.After the murder of Imam Musa Kazim, at the hands of Harun Al-Rashid,the imamate was transferred to his son Ali Al-Reza.The persecution of the descendants of Ali bin Abi Talib did not stop at the murder of Bibi Maham’s father but only grew more severe during the imamate of her brother, Imam Ali Al-Reza, and soon he too was poisoned and killed by the then caliph Mamun Al-Rashid.As a result of such maltreatment and torment, Hashemites at the time were forced to migrate to far-off regions. Whilst most siblings, like Bibi Masoumeh Qum, migrated to Faris(modern day Iran), and some, like Bibi Heybat, migrated to Azerbaijan, Bibi Maham migrated to the Sindh region where she spent her last days. Like the rest of her seventeen sisters, Bibi Khadija bint Imam Musa Kazim could not get married as well because of the mass murder and imprisonment of the male descendants of Prophet Mohammad, because only a Syed(those from the lineage of Prophet Mohammad) male marry a Syed female.
In Sindh: Life & Death
Deduced from her gravestone’s inscription, Bibi Maham’s arrival in Indian Subcontinent is estimated to be somewhere between 128 A.H and 170 A.H(745 CE and 786 CE) .Bibi Maham Khadija on the orders of her father journeyed, for a safe haven, towards the land of Sindh until she reached Agham Kot which, like the city of Thatta, was the center of Sindhi civilization at the time.Abbasid caliphate in pursuit of the children of Imam Musa Kazim sent an army comprised of Clan of Tameem to capture and eventually murder the caravan.Due to the danger that the forces of Banu Tameem posed the name of Bibi Khadija bint Imam Musa Kazim was kept hidden by the local devotees and the lady was referred to as “Bibi Maham” or “The Lady who shone bright like the full-moon”. But Abbasid-sent-Banu-Tameem soon found out about the lady and her convoy and, like her father, Bibi Maham and the group that accompanied her were too poisoned.
Holy Shrine
The grave of Bibi Maham was discovered, not long ago, in 2002 by historians and a shrine was built upon it in 2009. In 2010, historical details of the grave were first published in a sindhi editorial called Mahana Parado by its chief editor, Abdul Sattar Dars.The ancient persian inscription on the grave dates it back to 170 A.H which makes it the oldest grave in the ancient Agham Kot graveyard.Since its inception, the grave has been visited by numerous researchers and scholars alike who have verified the discovery.
The Shrine presently consists of burnt bricks and lime plaster, topped with a tier and girder roof. Its dimensions measure 10 meters by 5.5 meters, featuring a south-facing entrance. The tomb located within the Shrine measures 4 meters by 5.5 meters. The courtyard surrounding the Shrine contains four graves, while three additional graves are located within the tomb. Furthermore, the interior of the tomb has been refurbished with contemporary tiles. As of now, Ministry of Awqaf has authenticated the grave and has taken over the shrine with the promise of a bigger shrine to soon be built.
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Aal-e-Qutub Aal-e-Syed Abdullah Shah Ghazi 