What Is the Relationship Between Sufism and Its Etymology?

■ What Is the Relationship Between Sufism and Its Etymology?

The term “Sufi” is derived from the Arabic word “صوف” (Suf), which refers to a type of coarse woolen cloth. Some scholars believe that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ sometimes wore garments made of this wool, and thus his companions, followers, and later generations who focused on self-purification (Tazkiyah an-Nafs) and the purification of the heart (Tasfiyah al-Qalb) adopted this attire. Over time, these individuals came to be known as “Sufi.”

In his work Kashf al-Mahjoob, Hazrat Data Ganj Bakhsh Syed Ali Hujwiri discusses various interpretations of the term “Sufi.” Some opinions include:

1. Clothing Influence:
One group asserts that the term “Sufi” derives from their wearing of woolen garments (صوف).

2. Position on the Day of Judgment:
Another group believes that these individuals will stand in the front rows on the Day of Judgment.

3. Connection to the Companions of the Prophet:
A third perspective suggests they were named “Sufi” due to their love for the companions of the Prophet ﷺ, known as the “Ashab al-Suffa.”

4. Derivation from “Safaa”:
Some scholars claim the term derives from “صفا” (Safaa), indicating purity.

Additionally, Hazrat Hujwiri cites sayings from various saints regarding Sufism, including:

1. Truthful Speech:
“A Sufi is one whose words reflect the truth of his state.” (Hazrat Dhul-Nun al-Misri)

2. Existential Reality:
“Tasawwuf is a reality in which the servant stands; its essence is the quality of the Creator.” (Hazrat Junayd al-Baghdadi)

3. Abandonment of Desires:
“Tasawwuf entails abandoning all worldly pleasures (desires).” (Hazrat Abu al-Hasan al-Nuri)

4. Beyond Rituals:
“Tasawwuf is a reality that is not bound by rituals.” (Hazrat Ali bin Abi Talib)

5. Virtuous Character:
“Tasawwuf is virtuous character; the one with better character is a greater Sufi.” (Hazrat Hussain ibn Ali)

6. Good Character:
“Tasawwuf is about good character with Allah and creation.” (Hazrat Martash)

These teachings illustrate that Sufism serves as a means for the believer to establish a connection with Allah ﷻ and to serve His creation. This is the essence of the teachings derived from the Qur’an and the Sunnah (traditions of the Prophet ﷺ).